Ethical Dilemmas Of The Workplace - 880 Words

There are many ethical dilemmas one can face while in a workplace. Some are easy to handle, while others do not have a quick solution. There are also many different interactions that can take place. Ethical dilemmas involving a request from a boss have proven to be difficult situations to handle. In the workplace, it is vital to have a strong relationship with a boss. This is what makes an unethical request from a boss such a hard situation to be put in. One wouldn’t want to sacrifice the relationship they have with their boss. At the same time however, it is an even stronger battle to fight one’s morals and what they believe to be ethical. In this discussion I will breakdown my strategy of getting out of this specific type of ethical dilemma: my boss will allow me to submit inflated expense reports in order to pocket the extra cash as well-deserved compensation for my contributions. The most important thing when presented with an unethical situation is to buy some time in order to evaluate the situation thoroughly. Situations like this are delicate, so it is important to treat it as such and take some time to determine the best plan of action. Additionally, if pressured to respond in the heat of the moment, one might become unsatisfied with their answer. Either they will agree to the request against their better judgment, or they will falter their way through a timid and uncertain refusal that could be interpreted as offensive (Boogaard). In our hypothetical face-to-faceShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas in Workplace1634 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Dilemmas in Workplace Personal values may conflict with ethical decision making if those personal values are different than the organizational norms of the business or institution. Constructing, and maintaining personal ethics in the workplace rests with the individual, and how willing he or she is in assimilating to the evolving cultural dynamic of the corporate world. Many times a person find their personal, cultural and/or organizational ethics conflicting and must reconcile a course ofRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreWorkplace Ethical Dilemmas931 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Ethical Dilemmas Workplace Ethical Dilemmas Ethical dilemmas are what happen when a person is faced with a decision that may press against their personal values or beliefs. At one of my previous jobs, there was a problem with employees conducting their personal business, errands, or hobbies all while on the company’s time. There were many times that people were caught shopping on company computers, playing games or accessing social networking sites, checking personal email accountsRead MoreEthical Dilemma Of The Workplace1213 Words   |  5 PagesLodino, Luiz Sekerka, Leslie Ethical Dilemma A. Identify and summarize key problem(s)/ issue(s): First and foremost Steve, did not consider his job as the best job ever, however he got away with such feeling once he started to create some affinity along his co-workers. Although the other employees were fun, they did not respect the company or management. The environment was loud, laid back in an extreme point where employees did not perform their duty, instead conversations, jokes, music, andRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss an ethical dilemma that you have had to face in the workplace. Ethical dilemmas often occur when a manager or an employee is faced with two or more conflicting choices. Give as many facts and details as possible in describing your dilemma. The most difficult ethical dilemma I have dealt with was a summer job I had this past summer, while I was working for a bakery in my hometown. This past particular summer really tested what I believe is right and wrong and how to speak up. One of myRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma in the Workplace780 Words   |  4 PagesAn Ethical Dilemma In The Workplace The Dilemma; An Assistant Teacher, from my Counseling Ministry, has worked for twenty years in many types of school setting and with students from grades Pre-K to High school. During her career, she has encounter unfavorable encounters with her peers, parents and students. One particular incident she received a written reprimand from her supervisor. The supervisor stated she engaged in dishonorable conduct of insubordination. She refuses to abide by the instructionsRead MoreEthical Dilemma at the Workplace1714 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Examine an ethical dilemma that can occur in the workplace Ethical dilemmas are particularly sensitive issues in the workplace because the well-being of the individuals and the organization as a whole are at stake. Employees must feel as though they are being supported and not punished, and should not feel as though they were being put on display; their dignity should always remain intact. This paper examines how, as a high school principle, I would address the issue of one of the high schoolRead MoreWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Paper1064 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Paper BSHS / 322 Marcia Winter Introduction Weve all heard the golden rules: In today’s society it is hard to find a good paying job. When one finds a good paying job, that person needs to do whatever he or she can do to keep that job. Ethics can be a problem in a workplace if someone is asked to do something that they do not feel is right. â€Å"Ethics are about making choices that may not always feel good or seem like they benefit you but are the right choices toRead MoreWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pages+ Workplace Ethical Dilemma Tanya W. Cooper BSHS/332 Professional, Ethical and Legal Issues in Human Services April 16, 2012 Kathleen Roberts Everyday individuals are faced with issues associated with ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas involve an individual’s behavior toward a moral standard, which may have been established from previous generations and passed along. In upholding the standards taught individual may be forced to take a particular action involving a decision when a behaviorRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of which

Individual Diff and diversity Free Essays

Describe some beliefs that are commonly held about leaders, managers and/or other professions Over the period of observations, experience, reading we believe some common features of different characters in our life. These observations might be situational or might depend on socio economic structure and values of an Individual. These beliefs might be different for different persons. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Diff and diversity or any similar topic only for you Order Now But for a certain professions there are some common beliefs for some specific characters. For example common people always believe that a manager/leader will be very responsible, smart, strict what one normally experience In books, cinemas or personally over a period of time while grew up. Same message Susan Cain tried to explain about Introverts. Introverts are believed to be very shy and not fit to be leaders/managers. But the study shows the opposite about the Introverts. These beliefs are different for different professions. It might be different In some socio-economic structure than other. Obsessions we expect the behavior of the profession to behave accordingly the Idea,’ perception we have in our mind. For example when we think about a doctor first we think about their help and dedication to save our life and we expect to behave/ perform the doctor accordingly. As a human when these professions behave per our expectation, the perception about those characters will be good to us and we start liking those characters. It’s totally different to us when th ese characters don’t fulfill one’s expectation. How do these beliefs help or hinder our ability to lead effectively? As a leader sometimes the perception/expectation helps to manage the subordinates immensely. It helps the leader to love, listen, depend, and rely on these subordinates which will definitely increase the productivity of the team. At the same time wrong perception or evaluating the expectations wrongly create issues between the leaders and the subordinates and hence the productivity of the team. How to cite Individual Diff and diversity, Papers

Cyber Revolution free essay sample

The Cybernetic Revolution and the Crisis of Capitalism By Jerry Harris and Carl Davidson The Chicago Third Wave Study Group In the early 1970s U. S. capitalism began to suffer a deepening crisis of accumulation. This crisis sprang from the very heart of the modern industrial system, arising out of fundamental contradictions in its exploitation of labor and its conditions of production. But this crisis also occurred along side a postmodern revolution in microelectronics and computer technologies, creating significant changes in the forms of accumulation and wealth creation. uspto assignment help desk The two dynamics have created a new historic juncture for rethinking established theories of political and social change. Marxist economists such as Paul Sweezy have long tracked the cris is of accumulation. Recently key extensions have been added by eco-Marxist James OConnor. But radicals also need to take note of the important contributions of Alvin and Heidi Toffler and their three waves theory. The Tofflers describe agricultural society as the first wave and industrial society as the second wave. They have added new insights into the nature of changes in the economic base where knowledge has become the most important tool of production. This became possible because of the revolution in the means of production, or information technologies. Toffler calls this information society the third wave, or what well call information capitalism. For about 200 years second-wave industrial capitalism was generally expanding and dynamic. Although punctuated by cycles of economic crisis, it grew into imperialism and built a world market. In the metropolitan countries, the circle of wealth grew wider, as a substantial number of workers organized unions and attained middle class living standards. But in the early 1970s industrial capitalism hit new limitations to its growth. The crisis was all sided, including both labor and nature. In a frantic race to maintain profits, the system began to toss huge numbers of people into the wastelands of unemployme nt and insecurity. In itself this is nothing new. Capitalism has always contained the contradiction between expanding profits and lowering the cost of labor. Each business is driven to maximize its accumulation of capital in order to survive and grow on a field of ruthless competition. In order to do so, the pressure to reduce wages and benefits is constant. But this time, the downturn was not followed cyclically by a boom or recovery that could be measured in higher wages or new job creation for those who had endured the bust period. POST WAR EXPANSION While every periodic crisis has roots internal to the nature of capitalism, each crisis also has an historic context. At the end of WWII a number of factors came together, which gave renewed life to capitalism, particularly in America. There were four basic factors that gave rise to a tremendous expansion of the U. S. economy and industrial base: †¢ First and most important was a period of vastly reduced competition from foreign rivals. The post-1945 world was Americas market because the industries of Europe and Japan had been destroyed by the war. In such circumstances U. S. capitalism quickly grew with an expanded job base. The second factor was a tremendous demand for both consumer goods and basic industrial equipment and plants. There was a 15-year pent- up demand for homes, cars, refrigerators, and much more as a result of the depression and war. The organization of basic industry by the CIO leads to a large-scale post war labor offensive which won significant gains in wages and benefits. This set the social conditions for accumulation, laying the foundation for the post-war boom, the creation of the suburbs and the growth of the blue collar middle class. Third, alongside the demand for consumer goods, went the intensified demand for capital goodsthe need for new factories and heavy equipment, not only in America but also throughout Europe and Japan. This meant further expansion and the profitability that allowed the liberal social contract with key sectors of unionized labor. Fourth and last was the development of new technologies, which produced large-scale industries and jobs. Jet airplanes, electronics, and the chemical industries surged forward with resulting spin-off economic activity spreading throughout society. †¢ †¢ †¢ These strengths also increased the power of international financial institutions. The Breton Woods agreement set the gold standard to the U. S. dollar, which then became the sole international currency. And the International Monetary Fund and World Bank were established as arms of U. S. finance capital. A vital part of this growth was the states expanded role in reproducing the conditions of production. O’Connor defines this as the second contradiction of capitalism. He describes it as everything is treated as if it is a commodity even though it is not produced as a commodity with the law of value, or law of markets. (The Second Contradiction of Capitalism: Causes and Consequences, page 1) This includes land and nature, urban space and labor power itself in the form of the next generation of workers. It became the states role to assume the cost and regulation of these conditions through policies on education, health care, welfare, transport, zoning, water, air, forest and many other examples. The Great Depression made this possible when the New Deal redefined the role of the state as an important and direct economic player. To help save capitalism from its own cyclical crises of overprotection, the state began to regulate more and more aspects of the market, and assume greater cost in maintaining the economy. This was particularly important in the postwar recovery period. All these factors gave new life to industrial capitalism, and the ensuing economic boom lasted about 25 years. But the underlying contradiction of overprotection reasserted itself. Living standards could not keep pace with production. The tensions between wages and profits emerged in full force creating permanent economic stagnation. Alongside this first contradiction is the secondincreasing the scope of reproduction while decreasing the ability of society to bear the cost. Industrial capitalism needs to grow. Not only is it pushed on by its need to accumulate; its nature is that of an expanding mass society. Mass production, mass markets, and mass consumption are all part of industrial civilization. It therefore needs more space, more materials, more energy, and more labor. It needs to expand its use of the conditions of production, and externalize their cost. This not only led to the crisis in nature, but also in our cities and infrastructure. STRUCTURAL CRISIS OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM This crisis began with the reintroduction of fierce competition from Europe and Japan. Nixon was forced to recognize this when he ended the Breton Woods agreement in 1971 and the dollar had to compete with other currencies. By 1973 U. S. profitability had fallen to 9. 5% compared to 16. 5% in 1952. (N. Y. Times, March 28, 1983). This renewed competition meant the liberal social contract between labor and capital was at an end. American living standards peaked in 1973, and have been on a steady decline every since. In what was now a more competitive world, the struggle for accumulation become fiercer, driving down the wages and benefits of workers. This crisis hit full force in the 1980s when unions were forced into contract concessions resulting in billions of dollars in givebacks throughout the economy. While this helped profits, it meant less money for consumption. The results have been staggering. U. S. income has dropped from number one in the world to number ten. Real weekly earnings are 19% below 1973 levels, while the median income of families headed by those under the age of 30 has fallen 32%. Over 20% of our children live in poverty. Since 1988 the average net worth of American households has fallen 12%, or about $5,000 per family. These figures also expose the racist nature of the U. S. economy: median white households are worth $44,408; Latino households $5,345; and Black households $4,604. (Chicago Tribune, January 1994). Its no wonder that American factories are shutting down, they simply cant sell to a population making less real income than the generation before it. Capital flight has been a major tool to reassert profitability. The continuing pressure to lower wages and other costs has meant shutdowns and layoffs here combined with greater penetration into the Third World. Corporations make use of a global labor market where wages often average $4 a day. Why pay Detroit autoworkers $12 an hour, when Ford can pay 75 cents an hour in Jalisco, Mexico? NAFTA is only the latest result of this trend. These drastic drops in working-class income were also accompanied by the large Reagan cuts in welfare and urban spending. Just as corporations attacked workers to lower the cost of their first contradiction, the state cut spending to lower cost in the second contradiction. As individual capitalists externalized or dumped more of their potential costs, such as pollution, on the public, they also weakened the overall health of capitalist society. Government debt, the tax crisis, urban decay and violence are all reflections of the crisis in the conditions of production. As profits become weaker in the private sector, the corporations attack the wage structure and force the state to assume more of their costs. In turn the state finds itself deeper in debt and crisis, and must cut costs by attacking its social programs, selling off its forests, letting the infrastructure decay, etc. OConnor sums it up well in his essay Socialism and Ecology: The vitality of Western capitalism since World War II has been based on the massive externalization of social and ecological costs of production. Since the slowdown of world economic growth in the mid-1970s the concerns of both socialism and ecology have become more pressing than ever before in history. The accumulation of global capital through the modern crisis has produced even more devastating effects not only on wealth and income distribution, norms of social justice, and treatment of minorities, but also on nature or the environment. Socially the crisis has lead to more wrenching poverty and violence, rising misery in all parts of the world, especially the South, and, environmentally, to toxicification of whole regions, the production of drought, the thinning of the ozone layer, the greenhouse effect, and the withering away of rain forests and wildlife. Industrial capitalism, structured to build and feed a mass market, has thus reached new limits of growth. On one hand, it must maintain its profitability and increase its accumulation. On the other hand, it can no longer afford the unrestricted expansion of mass consumption, especially its externalities. The new limits are both economic and ecological. Thus the present structural crisis is all sided and deep. THE CRISIS AND INFORMATION CAPITALISM Coinciding with the crisis of accumulation, however, was a revolutionary development in the means of production. Advances in computer, microelectronics and telecommunications technologies have brought major changes to th e basic character of industrial capitalism. The application of knowledge is now the primary means of new value production. Of course, all labor has always contained two partsthe knowledge of how to produce something and the physical effort necessary to make it. In first wave society, physical labor encompassed the vast majority of work, whether it took the form of growing corn, weaving wool or maintaining feudal manors. In second-wave industrial society, however, machine technology and manufacturing increased productivity by a factor of 100. The knowledge of building a lathe or steam engine reduced the proportion of input of physical labor. But still the factory system relied mainly on physical labor and large scale material assets and inputs to produce value. But in third wave societies, the application of microelectronics technology has already increased computer productivity by one million. Intellectual capital, developed and held by knowledge workers and encoded in software and smart machines, is the key element of wealth in todays information capitalism. Physical labor and industrial machinery are now secondary to the value added by information. This has had a dramatic impacted on both finance and manufacturing, as is allowing capitalism to develop along new lines. The application of new information technology has meant that industry can produce more with fewer resources, less energy and less labor. Plastics have replaced metals, fiber has replaced copper, and chips are made of sand and clay. In fact computer technology consists almost entirely of intellectual capital, with raw materials costing only 1% and unskilled labor 5%. By 1988 the U. S. required only 40% of its blue-collar labor force to produce the amount of manufactured goods equal to that produced in 1977. From 1967 to 1988, weight per dollar value had fallen by 43%. By 1985 Japan had increased its output two and half times with just the same consumption of raw materials and energy as in 1965. Cars used to contain 1600 pounds of steel; much of that weight is now replaced with plastics. Thus the application of intellectual capitalin this case in the form of design has meant the drastic reduction of both physical capital and the labor force. But the restructuring goes even further. Because the speed of processing information has increased, on-time warehousing, niche marketing, and the elimination of middle management have become possible. Second wave Industrial society produced mass products in huge factories with a giant labor force. This necessitated a huge number of middle managers to count production, oversee workers and move information along the command hierarchy. Now the rapid acquisition and deployment of information is the primary goal of management and corporations have restructured to insure its movement. With expanded information technology and cuts in employees, middle managers are a disappearing breed. Timely informationwhich has led to shorter product runs, lower supplies, and niche marketing-also means rapid change and innovation. In essence the creative destruction of capital has been speeded-up. Its reflection in the labor force means more part-timers and more temporary workers. The most rapidly growing job category is contingent labor, forming 60% of all new jobs in 1993. This has increased the downward pressure on wages further. Even during the jobless economic recovery of 1993, while profits made a healthy recovery, the median hourly wages for males fell another 2. 7%, New technologies, corporate flight, and wage cutbacks have laid the basis for renewed accumulation, even in manufacturing. But this restructuring has increased poverty and class contradictions throughout society. The urban crisis, greater economic insecurity and political instability are spreading in ever widening circles. Like Catch 22, the system resolves one crisis only to create another with similar features. THIRD WAVE FINANCE CAPITAL The impact of information technologies on finance capital has been as dramatic as its effects on manufacturing. Telecommunications have established a global electronic marketplace, which functions in real time. The most important change has been a tremendous increase in unregulated, highly mobile speculative capital. This global infrastructure with geosynchronous satellites was created just as industrial capitalism was facing its crisis of accumulation. This allowed information finance capital to create a huge pool of wealth without creating anything for social use or consumption. While industrial capital had reached its limits of growth, speculative capital used the new technologies to expand and attract trillions of new dollars. In fact, the world trade in currency is 40 to 50 times larger than the world trade in goods. Worldwide the money market accounts for $500 billion a day, two trillion a year just from New York firms. Third wave technologies have thus been used to develop a global bourgeoisie. While finance capital has been dominant since the advent of imperialism, the national formation of this capital is now less meaningful. While still seeking to dominate its own state, today information finance capital, independently constituted with multinational currency, seeks autonomy above and beyond the restriction or regulation of any state, anywhere. Walter Wriston, past chairman of Citicorp and spokesman for information capital, has articulated this view in his book The Twilight of Sovereignty. He notes that today no currency is tied to physical commodities or any central bank, but instead is comprised as information on the global telecommunications infrastructure. He elaborates: Money is asserting its control over (government), disciplining irresponsible policies and taking away free lunches everywhere (page 66). International traders take a vote on the soundness of each countrys fiscal and monetary policies (page 67) and this giant vote-counting machine conducts a running tally on what the world thinks of a governments diplomatic, fiscal and monetary policies and this opinion is immediately reflected in the value the market places on a countrys currency. (page 9). Wriston clearly thinks this is a revolutionary development in freedom and democracy for this class. He goes on to state that capital goes where it is wanted and stays where it is treated well (page 61), noting that the ability to move capital is fundamental to the continuous efforts of mankind to live a better life. (page 72) This is free market ideology taken to is fullest and most abstract development The unhindered movement of money becomes the highest form of freedom, and the ability of global financiers to decide the fate of governments and countries the fullest expression of democracyall made possible by the electronic infrastructure and those with the access and knowledge to use it. In this sense one could argue that Ronald Reagan was our first third wave president. Reagans policies clearly favored the rapid development of speculative capital. His appointment of Paul Volker at the Federal Reserve lead to increased interest rates helping to move capital out of manufacturing and into the new global financial infrastructure. These policies helped create 20% profits in finance markets, while pushing manufacturing profits down to 10%. This sped the rush to deindustrialization as money fled to the market of highest returns. Reagans unconcern for Americas trade deficit, and his insistence on deregulation of the market is better understood as an early variant of third wave financial strategy. Information capitalism has also used third wave technologies to internationalize production even further. Transnational corporations have created global manufacturing and marketing alliances where the trade in products is now replaced by va lue added activities. A product may easily have a dozen parts built in different countries through an alliance of interlocking global corporations. Wriston calls a national trade balance an artifact of a bygone age. (page 87) As he shows: The popular IBM PS/2 Model 30-286 contains a microprocessor from Malaysia, oscillators from either France or Singapore; disk controller logic array, diskette controller, ROM and video graphics array from Japan; VLSO circuits and video digital-to-analog converter from Korea; and Dram from Singapore, Japan, or Korea and all this is put together in Florida Since there are thousands of such products put together in similar ways, the old concept of trading one item for another is obsolete. (page 81) Wriston maintains that the driving force behind the growing interlock of transnational is the need to access intellectual capital. BLADERUNNER vs ECOTOPIA Third wave capitalists are already divided between two wings. Both agree that education and the expansion of knowledge is the key to a strong and competitive society. An information capitalist like Wriston even describes knowledge workers as the new bo urgeoisie, noting that If Marx were alive he would call education the means of production. (page 108). One wing, however, carries over the maximize-profit- in-the-short-run values of the second wave, and applies them to both electronic and traditional forms of capital. While unabashedly seizing every public subsidy it can for itself, it takes an anti- government , free market stance generally. They are fond of quoting Milton Friedman, who emphasizes that the technological revolution makes it possible to produce a product anywhere, using resources from anywhere, by a company located anywhere, to be sold anywhere. (Fortune 3-8-93) It vision is of an unrestrained and unfettered capital, free to roam the globe at will and exploit an ever changing sea of opportunity, all made possible by the instantaneous flow of information. The other wing emphasizes creating of new value on a sustainable basis over the unrestrained making of money. It sees itself as information capitalism with a socially responsible human face, with an eye on making its fortunes in the green industries of the future. Its current main political representative is Vice President Al Gore, who writes on ecologically sound economics and calls for universal access to the electronic infrastructure. On the business side, elder management guru Peter Drucker defines America as a post-capitalist society where the main social challenge is to preserve the income and dignity of service workers who lack the ability to become knowledge workers and to prevent class conflict. (CSM, August 26, 93). Part of their view is to see a constructive role for an activist government that promotes the dynamism of the market while trying to restrain its ecological and social destructiveness. THIRD WAVE AND THIRD WORLD Both the crisis and new technologies have meant deeper penetration into Third World economies. Cheap labor and new markets are seen as solutions for the accumulation crisis. Information technologies have built a global workshop complete with a global labor force where, as Wriston and Friedman have pointed out, capital goes where it wants to build anything it desires. In fact, between 1980 and 1990, foreign investment by the worlds biggest corporations grew from $560 billion to $1. 6 trillion. U. S. News World Report, Jan. 24, 1994). The effects on the Third World have been tremendous. First, we can now see many newly industrializing countries accelerating their transition from rural first wave societies into the second wave. This has meant a new division within the Third World between countries still mainly with agricultural economies, and those with an urban industrial base. Some Third World Marxists like Samir Amin now use the term Fourth World to denote these poor, first wave agricultural societies. Second, the transition to second wave industrialism is often creating ecological havoc, just as it did in the northern hemisphere in the last century. But today, the capitalism of the North also uses the South as a dumping ground for exporting the ecological costs of its second contradiction. One of the starkest pieces of evidence of this was an internal memo written by the World Banks chief economist, Lawrence Summers. He stated: I think the economic logic behind dumping a load of toxic waste in the lowest wage country is impeccable ecause foregone earnings from increased morbidity are low. He adds that the under populated countries in Africa are vastly under polluted; their air quality is probably vastly inefficiently low compared to Los Angeles. (The Economist, Feb. 8, 1992). These rather cold-blooded economic calculations expose a global system of ecological destruction where national borders are viewed only as a footnote to the capitalist market. Finally, within some rapidly d eveloping third world countries, a small but dynamic third wave sector is developing simultaneously with the second wave. India, for instance, has a growing pool of talentedand relatively inexpensivecomputer programmers ready to work for any employer reachable by modem or Federal Express. The second wave changes are most obvious. Among the top 20 manufacturing exporters in the world are Hong Kong, South Korea, Brazil, and Singapore. Countries like Mexico, Argentina, South Africa, and Iraq have decisively entered the industrial era. Others like China and India still have a majority of the population tied to the land, but have developed advanced zones in their huge urban centers. These changes are causing tremendous social upheavals and stress as class structures are transformed. Not only is finance capital highly mobile, but also industrial capital. This capacity to rapidly shift production has provided continual escape from unionization, where subcontractors establish sweatshops in newly industrialized rural areas.. It has also brought millions of women into the Third World workforce in the most low-paid and insecure jobs. The growth of temporary and contingent labor is thus a worldwide trend. Capital mobility also reinforces political authoritarianism. Writing on the Philippines Jane Margold points out As a speeded-up flow of capital, information, goods and services circulates transnationally, foreign investors are well-positioned to manipulate the Philippines states fears of long term economic marginalization. A rational is then produced for the deployment of military, police and thugs to discipline striking workers (p. 8 Philippine Labor Alert, SeptDec. 1993). Certainly this is a pattern found throughout the Third World. This mobility is transforming key aspects of imperialism. Where territorial and resource control were of major importance in past decades, they are less so today. The method of international capital laying roots deep into a colonial society, and dominating through a permanent financial occupation, is changing. Today the control of the overall global market is more important than national economies. Local labor markets are used and abandoned in a rapidly changing sea of opportunity and competition. With important exceptions like Mexicos relationship to the U. S. ia NAFTA, the long term exploitation of any one country or bloc of countries is not the main strategy of imperialism. Again, as Wriston points out, capital goes where it wants and stays where its treated well. Its no accident that he titled his book, The Twilight of Sovereignty. The export of capital is still the key aspect of imperialism, but capital mobility and the threat of denying capital is taking precedence over long-te rm occupation as a means of control. This changing face of imperialism and its impact on Third World societies is also the basis for new strategies and divisions within the le ft. In first wave countries the traditional Maoist strategy of peasant based guerrilla warfare still retains considerable validity; throughout the 1970s and 1980s, it even saw various degrees of continued success in El Salvador, Namibia, Nicaragua, and Kampuchea. But in many newly industrial countries, labor struggles; electoral parties, and community based organizing for local economic growth have become the new focus. This is clearly seen in the experiences of the Workers Party of Brazil, the mass urban struggles in South Africa, the labor upheavals and democracy struggle of South Korea, and in the Party of Revolutionary Democracy in Mexico. Even with the heroic peasant uprising in Chiapas, which has electrified the Mexican left, no one expects Mexico City to be surrounded and taken by a peasant army. Traditional industrial Marxism still finds a firm home in most of these societies, although new concepts on the key importance of democracy; technology and the market play a vital role. For those countries caught in the middle of transformation the road for revolutionary change has been very difficult. Countries like Colombia and the Philippines have rapidly growing urban industrial sectors, but both have powerful guerrilla armies still well organized in the countryside. They also have strongly developing urban movements and democratic openings not present just a decade past. This has been a basis for debates and splits in both countries In a recent interview ex-commander of Colombias M-19, Navarro Wolff, explained Our original idea was that the people would take up arms and head to the mountains But two things had changed in Colombia we discovered that Colombia is a much more urban country than we had originally believed. And the country began to open up politically, which for us came as a great surprise. (NACLA, JanFeb 1994) The importance of urban-centered resistance has also been raised in the Communist Party of the Philippines. Ever since the Manila based overthrow of Marcos and resulting democratic openings, there has been debate over the balance and pace of rural and urban struggles. As always the issues are many sided and complex, but part of the debate has been over the role of urban insurrection and its relationship to peasant based guerril la war. Recently there has been an organizational split in which Chairman Sison still holds to a revolutionary strategy situated mainly in the countryside. CHANGING POLITICAL STRATEGIES The tremendous changes in the economic base and resulting shifts in populations and work relations have laid the basis for new political alignments. These tensions are not just present in the Third World, but also societies moving from second wave to third wave economies. The result has been new challenges for Marxism and radical theory. In America there are two growing class strata that need close attention. These are the new knowledge workers and the rapidly expanding contingent labor force. Contingent labor includes part-time and temporary workers and home workers. Today temp agencies are the largest employers in the U. S. This sector, while holding some highly skilled workers, mainly consists of low paid, low skilled labor. Knowledge workers are on the other end of the third wave revolution; they are generally highly paid and in demand. Technical occupations and professionals will be the largest job category by year 2000, representing close to 20% of the labor force. (Tribune, 11-7-93) But even among knowledge workers, there exists rapid turnover and layoffs. Contingent workers, as the most abused sector of labor, contain the potential for a militant anticapitalist movement. But new methods of organizing, different from traditional trade unions, need to be created to match the ways contingent workers experience their oppression. These will include combining community-based organizing with workplace organizing. Social demands like guaranteed annual income, lifelong education, and universal health care need to be combined with the traditional economic demands of the union contract. Knowledge workers today are in the position of the old industrial proletariat. They are key to the enhanced production of surplus value. Just as blue-collar workers contained two sidesthe conservative labor aristocracy as well as the most progressive sector of labor supportive of democracy and socialismknowledge workers will divided into two as well. One sector will form the social base for the defense of information capitalism regardless of its excesses. Others will deeply understand the potential the new technology has for creating and sustaining a new social order. This progressive side also is born from the conditions of its own labor, which are enmeshed in the most advanced forms of capital. This was Marxs argument for the importance of the industrial proletariat. Not just that they were exploited, but they were organized in the most modern and important section of capital. Therefore they encompassed the most advanced forms of political and economic organization. The economic organization of knowledge workers emphasizes less hierarchy, less bureaucracy, more information about and control of the job process, and greater participation or empowerment at the site of work. This lays the basis for socialist norms of labor, and blurs the lines between mental and manual work, which is the historic division between management and employee. The political voice of these strata has already emerged in todays battles for democratic use and control of information technologies. Lastly the new social movements need to be understood in their relationship to the crisis in the conditions of production. The movement of feminists, ecologists, and community-based organizations correspond to the reproduction of labor power, the exploitation of nature, and the pressure on urban space. Just as the labor movement was born from the first contradiction of capitalism, these struggles arise from the second contradiction. The feminist concerns over the control of a womens body, health care, child care; the struggle of young people for education and culture; the green movements battles against pollution, global warming and deforestation; community struggles over housing, industrial location, and drugs; all reflect the cost of capital externalization and a tightening circle of available resources. Since the state controls and regulates the conditions of production, the focus of these struggles is with local, state and federal government. Traditional Marxists who view point of production organizing as the most valid form of struggle need to rethink long held beliefs. The immediate struggle against capital grows from both economic and social grounds. CONCLUSION As Marx pointed out long ago: Modern Industry never looks upon and treats the existing form of process as final. The technical basis of that industry is therefore revolutionary, while all earlier modes of production were essentially conservative. By means of machinery, chemical processes and other methods, it is continually causing changes not only in the technical basis of production, but also in the functions of the laborer, and in the social combinations of the labor process. At the same time, it thereby also revolutionizes the division of labor within the society, and incessantly launches masses of people from one branc h of production to another. (Capital, 1954, p. 457) The same transformative process goes on today. A revolution in information technologies is creating fundamental changes in how and where people work. It is changing the functions of the laborer, the social combinations of the labor process, and has launched masses of people from one branch of production to another. Does this not accurately describe the world around us? Yes, the traditional crisis of accumulation has reemerg ed in full force, but the context and form of these changes has been the revolution in the means of production. New technologies have changed the face of capitalism, affecting the economic base, the relations of production, and are impacting political strategy. Our task is to understand the general crisis, its new forms, and begin to develop new strategies for appropriate technologies, radical democracy and sustainable socialism. Jerry Harris teaches history at DeVry Institute of Technology in Chicago. Carl Davidson is the director of Networking for Democracy, a Chicago-based cooperative assisting grassroots organizations with media and new technologies.

Marketing Research Amway India Ltd free essay sample

I thank my research guide Mr.. Raman Kohl who helped me learn the meaning of true research and who brought me out of the paradigm and helped me to think. The knowledge gained from independent thinking is something we do not experience in our way of education. As a result of this research and interaction with my guide it seems that the real meaning of research is just beginning to show. A special Thanks to my Mother for her untiring support and inspiration throughout the working of this project without which I would not have been able to give my best towards this research.Last but not the least I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge my rinds, family members and other faculty members for their motivation, teachings and guidance for making this project come to the present stage. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Anyway is a unique company. It is defined by the fundamental philosophy of helping people help themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research Amway India Ltd or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Anyway has helped millions of people run their own independent business around the world. Today, Anyway continues to grow by offering new products and business opportunities to people from all cultures and walks of life.Whether they are employees, distributors, or citizens in the community, Anyway touches their lives for better. India with its ICC reservoir of will, talent and enterprise is perhaps the most fertile ground for the Anyway Corporation. In short it has made substantial value addition to Indians social economic life. The focus of this project is based on studying a single organization i. E The Anyway Corporation. This research has been conducted to study the marketing strategy adopted by Anyway in the Indian market.An attempt has been made to study the companys perspective in the new market and analyses on how the company plans its expansion in India. Have substantiated my research by conducting interviews to gain more insight about the corporation. The data has been analyses on the basis of 2 surveys which were conducted by me. Survey 1 was conducted through direct, phone and online interviews. Survey 2 is conducted by gathering information through structured questionnaire and the interpretation for the same has been provided. Eave finally concluded my research by providing a summarized conclusion and also suggested recommendations on the basis of the marketing mix. Co intents Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Anyway Profile 5 How it works? Product Profile Current Scenario Chapter 3: Anyways marketing strategies 25 Sales Marketing Plan Strategies in the market Penetration Segmentation Chapter 4: Research Methods 37 Objectives Methodology Data Collection Sample Size Research Design Chapter 5: Findings Analysis 45 Chapter 6: Conclusion Recommendation 62 Annex 58 Bibliography 70 Sample Questionnaire 71 ANYWAY VISION Helping people live better lives.In all aspects of our products, businesses and social responsibility, we strive to make a meaningful difference in the communities in which we operate. ANYWAY MISSION Through the partnering of Distributors, Employees, and the Founding Families, and the support of quality products and service, we offer all people he opportunity to achieve their goals through the Anyway Sales and Marketing Plan. INTRODUCTION Direct Selling is a remarkable business model, which brings the market to the customer and offers a unique business opportunity to anyone eager to adopt the spirit of enterprise.Direct Selling can best be described as the selling of products and services directly to consumers in a face-to-face manner, through demonstration of usage, by an independent direct salesperson. Direct Selling benefits consumer because it sells high quality products at the consumers convenience, often at his/her home or workplace. Customers value the advantages of convenience, personalized attention, demonstration of usage, and a wide choice of products backed by Customer Satisfaction Guarantee. One of the most tangible impacts of Direct Selling in its new advent has been the fact that it has touched the average man and women in a manner never experienced before. Anyway India Corporation is the countrys leading Direct Selling Company. It is perhaps the best example of the contribution Direct Selling is making to India. In a little over two years of commercial launch Anyway India has emerged as the countrys largest Direct Selling Company. It closed its financial year with a turnover close to RSI. 250 scores (the Anyway Financial year runs from Seep. To Gauge. . It will reach its target of RSI. 1000 score turnover much before its declared target of the year 2004.. The direct selling industry has grown rapidly over recent years. Changing lifestyles, demographics and economic recession have all been factors influencing this growth. Anyway provides people with business opportunities across the globe. Direct selling is not about getting rich quick it is about creating rewards for effort and initiative. With low risk and low UAPITA investment, Anyway provides people with the opportunity to achieve and to improve their lives.As a leading player in the world of direct selling, Anyway is helping to clean up the industry and provide a valuable and acceptable form of product distribution. In an impersonal fast-moving world driven by technology, Anyway provides the personal touch. Because it focuses upon direct selling, Anyway is different from more traditional distribution channels. Its Independent Business Owners own their own business, with the flexibility to deal directly with their own clients and to build up personal relationships.These Independent Business Owners also have the ability to deliver Mammys products to their customers homes. Independent Business Owners sell to people they know or meet. The personal contact and care they provide is an important element in direct selling. They are also self-employed and can introduce others to the business to form their own sales group of Independent Business Owners. The channel of distribution describes the stages of ownership that take place as a product moves from a manufacturer to a consumer.The increasing use of the Internet by consumers has created a real potential for developing efferent types of business models and for new approaches to reaching users directly and quickly in their homes. This report examines in detail the marketing strategy of the leading global direct marketing major, Anyway in India. In the initial stages of the report I have focused on Mammys current position in the Indian market. As the research progresses I have tried to analyses the companies marketing objective for India and how they set out to achieve them.This report also provides a brief introduction to the concept of multilevel marketing and tries to make the reader understand the difference twine multilevel marketing and the traditional distribution setup in the FMC sector, so as to give an idea as to how the system is being utilized by companies like Anyway. MI_M -a definition Multilevel marketing allows sellers to build a business through their own sales efforts and by inviting others to become sellers. Remuneration is based on a sellers personal sales AND on the combined sales of those people they have sponsored, trained and motivated.The story of Anyway is intended to drive home the point of a company being alert enough to modify its globally accepted practices to suit the local markers needs. This report has been made keeping in mind the benefits which can be derived from my research. Benefits t o customers This report will be beneficial for consumers who prefer the marketing goods or services directly to them: at their own convenience often in his/her home either on a one-to-one basis, or in the context of a sales party. Through this the customers will get a better idea about the companys product offerings and value the advantages of: convenience, personalized attention, and a good selection of quality products available at their door Steps. Benefits to sellers Many people have chosen direct selling because they want to build their own business, but do not have: considerable funds required to buy a franchise or start a new company. Among the top five reasons people sell direct because they like and believe in the product, like being their own boss, and working their own hours, like the supplemental family income or making extra money for themselves.It can be beneficial from the sellers point of view as it may give them the idea of exactly how they can go about creating their own business and benefit from the Anyways unique business opportunity. Benefits to companies In this report I have deeply analyses the marketing strategy for Anyway through personal interviews by many IBOS and Anyway customers wh o have helped in adding valuable data to this project which can be useful for the company. The suggested recommendations can be considered by the corporation for further expansion and increasing market share.COMPANY HISTORY Anyway began in 1959 with two young entrepreneurs in the United States Rich Devon and Jay Van Ended. Their concept for an innovative business opportunity, centered around person-to-person marketing, established itself s a leader among one of todays fastest-growing industries. Today, more than 3. 6 million independent business owners distribute Anyway products in more than 80 countries and territories. Anyway is part of the Ulterior family of companies whose global sales totaled $4. 5 billion in its most recent fiscal year. Sass A Friendship Forms Rich Devon and Jay Van Anodes friendship actually began with a business proposition, when Rich struck a deal with Jay for a ride to school for 25 cents a week. After high school they entered the military, but they planned to start a business together after separate tours of duty. A friendship formed and became a business relationship that has lasted to this day. 1 sass The Early years Anyway quickly outgrew its original facilities in the basements of Rich Devotes and Jay Van Anodes homes. In its first full year of business, Mammys sales were more than half a million dollars. Sass The Decade of Growth As vowed by Jay Van Ended the night of the 1969 disaster, Anyway rebuilt the aerosol plant and went on. The ass began with sales of more than $100 million at estimated retail, and kept going strong. After a lengthy investigation, the FTC verified that Anyway is a genuine business opportunity ND not a pyramid. asses The Billion-Dollar Decade The ; ass will be remembered for the first Billion Dollar Year at estimated retail in 1980. Building expansion at Anyway World Headquarters continued at breakneck speed as Anyway scrambled to keep pace with demand, opening its new cosmetics plant in Dad. Sass The Second Generation As carefully planned by Rich and Jay, the second generation Van Ended and Devon families took the helm during the ass. Steve Van Ended and Dick Devon succeeded their fathers as Chairman and President. Distributors witnessed a similar trend, with the second generation of many distributor implies taking on important leadership roles. Asses The New Millennium In 2000, Anyway Corporation became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ulterior, Inc. Chairman Steve Van Ended and President Doug Devon share the Office of the Chief Executive.ANYWAY is a world leader in Direct Selling. A key element to this success is the recognition by governments that ANYWAY is a model marketing system. As with any venture, you should review all aspects, weigh the ad vantages disadvantages, and decide whether it meets your needs. Here are some essential points to consider about the ANYWAY business opportunity: Start-Up Costs Compare the start-up costs of this opportunity with that of a conventional business, and you will notice quite a difference. The only cost for an ANYWAY Business is that of a Business Kit, which costs RSI. ,400. Merchandising The first way you can make money with your ANYWAY business is to sell products to retail customers. Successful merchandising is made easier by Mammys line of high quality products; a sound combination of upscale and consumable items that can mean profitable and repeat sales. Sponsoring You may increase your merchandising efforts through sponsoring. Although it is not mandatory to sponsor people, sponsoring may increase your income when the Distributors you sponsor begin to build their own ANYWAY business.Business Support Materials As your business begins to grow, you may want to acquire training aids. You also may want to attend motivational and business-building meetings. These are optional. Deductions Your ANYWAY business is not a tax shelter, but you are entitled to deduct your ordinary and necessary business expenses as defined by the Income Tax Act, 1961. Time and Effort The bigger your financial goal, the more time and effort you will need to put into your ANYWAY business. With an ANYWAY business, you work as much or as little as you like, depending on your own goals. Its all up to you.They do exactly what their uplinks do. They talk like them, act like them, and follow them around everywhere as if they were kings and queens. Naturally, with this sort of following, Anyway distributors expect guidance in everything they do. This is the reason behind all of the tapes, books, and step-by-step instructions for building an Anyway business. Below are the 8 recommended steps for building a large nee;ark and the four steps to sponsoring new distributors. These steps, taken from handouts given to me by my diamond directs, sure dont make one think that the tapes, books, and other materials are optional!Take a gander! Eight Steps to Building a Large Network 1. 100% Personal Use 2. Establish 10 15 customers Priority Service Program 3. Books Read a book each month Read 10-15 pages each day 4. Tapes Listen to one tape a day (minimum) Be on Recommended Tape 5. Functions Attend all functions (see page 1 1) 6. Business counseling with active uplink Set goals with uplink on Goal Setting Card (F-7) 7. Group Association Build quality relationships within the network 8. Show The Plan (STEP) Make a list Of names by using Anagrams, Christmas lists, telephone indexes, wedding invitations, etc. To jog your memory (dont pre-judge).Add new names through daily contacts. Pass out 1 tape a day Show the Plan (SST P) three time a week Utilize the Issues and Answers video properly Personally sponsor 1-2 people each month Four Steps to Sponsoring 1 . Pass out prospecting tapes or approach directly and follow up within 24 hours. 2. Set appointments 3. STEP 4. Follow up second look meeting And Who Is Bill Bruit? From the experiences of friends I spoke with in the USA, what is more likely to appear on the Anyway list of promises is promotional cassettes and books rather than more products. The promotional material is designed to help anAnyway distributor sell, sell, sell. The basis for this activity is propounded by American, Bill Bruit. He and another American, Dexter Yeager, run two of the most successful systems under the Anyway banner. It is said that about 90% Of Mammys products move through these two systems. In India, what is being discussed is the Bill Bruit system. The Advocate newspaper in the LISA reported that to follow Barites system is to spend hundreds of dollars a year on motivational tapes. Anyway distributors are told that spending money to buy these tapes is the key to building a large, successful Anyway business.Therefore, it is likely that new products peddled by Anyway distributors will not be more soap but more hope in the form of these motivational materials. One USA based distributor, an Indian (who has since left the business), told me that these tapes were meaningless and were sold to people by convincing them that werent doing well enough. He said that the tapes would become an item for sale and Anyway distributors will be selling them to each other in a self feeding frenzy. Anyway India Product Catalogue ;Car Wash ;Dish Drop ;L. O. C. ;Pursue ;SAA Delicate ;SAA Liquid ;See Spray

History of Velqinian Space Program Essay

History of Velqinian Space Program Essay History of Velqinian Space Program Essay History of Velqinian Space Program VSP The Velqinian space program started in 1995 during which our president William Lyte proclaimed that we must be the first and foremost country to discover and venture out into the unknown. Today because of his legacy the VSP is one of the most advanced space programs on Vegas. So far three Velqinian space ships have been launched from Ground Zero. All have been successful and have long outlived their expected age. Now let us go into detail about these three daring space missions. The first mission that was launched by the VSP was the Discovery Space Cruiser which led three men Andrew Jones, Jonathan Brown, And Tyler Smith to the moon. This ship still even today orbits the moon. These three men were the first Velqunians on the moon and put up our flag and claimed part of it for us. One other purpose of the Discovery was to study the sun and our closest neighbor __________. The discovery gave us revolutiona ry pictures of the sun in many different styles. It also helped us gain an extraordinary of knowledge about our neighbor _____________. Now let us go into detail about the design of Discovery. The first blueprint was made by Brady Frey who is now a senior scientist at VSP. It was designed like a cylinder with a tip, and a small rectangular prism on the side which once in space expands into a communications and radar array. It was also equipped with a very large docking and refueling hangar we hoped to use to help future missions with. Its last modification was a very large refracting telescope to study our solar system and the stars. It uses Anti-Matter propulsion technology for fuel. The second mission was the Survivor Space Cruiser. Unlike the discovery Survivor was not manned. It was sent out to the Outer Asteroid Belt and into the Thrite Cloud. On its way there it made some basic observances of _______, _________, and _____________. It has now just gone past the outer asteroid f ield and entered the Thrite Cloud which is full of comets and other small planetismals. It has gathered us a hoard of knowledge about the outer asteroid field and we expect the same with the Thrite Cloud. The survivor is a lot like the discovery I design it has a communications and radar array, and it has a large telescope and lots of cameras attached to it. It also uses Anti-Matter propulsion technology, but lacks a hangar. One unique thing about the Survivor is that it has an Anti-Matter force field around it to protect it from planetismals. Our third

To Err is Human

To Err is Human To Err is Human To Err is Human By Maeve Maddox If you are an American speaker, you probably pronounce the word err to rhyme with air. Although American, I went to school to nuns from Newfoundland; I learned to pronounce err to rhyme with fur, as in Pope’s verse, â€Å"To err is human; to forgive, divine.† Literally, â€Å"to err† means â€Å"to wander or go astray from a marked path.† The noun error originally meant â€Å"the act of wandering.† Nowadays, both words are used only figuratively. One meaning of err is â€Å"to go wrong in judgment or opinion†: IPCC scientist and Pennsylvania State University professor of meteorology Michael Mann [said], Many scientists felt that report erred by underplaying the degree of confidence in the linkage between climate change and certain types of severe weather In a religious context, â€Å"to err† means â€Å"to go astray† or â€Å"to sin†: Affluence causes people to err from the Truth. False teachers cause the faithful to err by their ignorance. Err rarely occurs in everyday speech except in the idiom â€Å"to err on the side of caution†: We cancelled a trip to California this month because of uncertainty over the safety of flying. I’d rather err on the side of caution. I’d rather doctors erred on the side of caution than risk a fatality. â€Å"To err on the side of caution† means, â€Å"to make the mistake of being more careful than necessary, rather than make the mistake of not taking sufficient precautions and later regretting it.† The American pronunciation of err to rhyme with air is the source of spelling errors: There doesn’t seem to be a true consensus on whether a UV filter is absolutely necessary for your lens. However I would rather air on the side of caution and have one. When unsure if crossing a public boundary that may create feelings of discomfort, it is best to air on the side of caution and simply send a private message. With rabies, ALWAYS  air on the side of caution. Another common error with err is semantic. Some speakers seem to think that â€Å"on the side of† in the expression â€Å"to err on the side of caution† means â€Å"to be on the side of,† or â€Å"to prefer† or â€Å"to show preference toward.† These speakers substitute other nouns for caution, with some interesting results: I tend to  err on the side of sports  car tires v rated or higher for the best grip. A standard television gives about 35 ftL. Big cinemas are about 15ftL. Definitely err on the side of television. I like both [cats and dogs] but I’d err on the side of dogs. Hide behind your money, boys. Mayor Bloomberg will always err on the side of wealth. I’ve also seen: err on the side of misery and guilt err on the side of disappointment err on the side of intelligence Two ways to avoid errors with the verb err: 1. Always end the phrase â€Å"err on the side of† with the word caution. 2. Remember the alternative pronunciation that makes err rhyme with fur. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with50 Types of PropagandaPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

SOFT DRINK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SOFT DRINK - Essay Example Supply, Demand, and Equilibrium: Supply and demand is the main concept on which whole study of economics is based. The demand is known to be the quantity asked by the consumers or buyers and us usually backed by the ability and willingness to purchase the product. Demand has an inverse relation with the price which means that when the price of soft drink increases, it would eventually decrease the demand of soft drink. On the other hand, Supply means the quantity of the products offered by the industry or market at a certain level of price. Supply has a direct relation with price which shows that whenever the price of soft drink increases the supply will also increase. Equilibrium is a state where the demand and supply are equal. It means that the amount of soft drink being supplied is equal to the amount that is demanded by the buyers (McEachern, 2012). The diagram shows that equilibrium occurs when the demand and supply of the product is equal. This is the most favourable position as this is the most efficient point for an industry to be at. It means that the demand of the product is equally matched with the supply of the product (McEachern, 2012). Soft drinks are included in monopolistic market where the number of firms that operates in the market are many and provides differentiated products to the buyers. These products are not identical but are differentiated and each soft drink in the market is clearly differentiated from others. Entry and exit in this market is easy creating shifts in the market (McEachern, 2012). The possibility of shifts in demand and supply are as follows: Demand Changes in price When the price of soft drinks increases the demand for soft drinks will eventually decrease which means that the buyers will reduce their purchases. On the other hand when the price of the soft drink decreases the demand will rapidly rise. This shows that price has an inverse relation with demand which means that rise in price will lead to fall in demand (Ta ylor and Weerapana, 2009). Availability of substitute goods Demand is inversely proportional to the availability of substitute goods. This means that increase in substitute goods will decrease the demand of soft drinks. The more substitute products become available in the market the less is the demand for the product (Taylor and Weerapana, 2009). Changes in income The demand for soft drinks can also be affected by changes in the income. As income rises the demand for the soft drinks will ultimately increase and the demand curve will shift to right side. Similarly, when the income decreases the demand for the soft drink will decrease and the curve will shift to left side which shows deficit (Taylor and Weerapana, 2009). Supply Changes in price of goods When the price of soft drinks increases the supply for soft drinks will eventually increase (Taylor and Weerapana, 2009). Changes in price of related goods When the price of related goods increases the supply for soft drinks will event ually increase as there will be more demand for the soft drinks (Taylor and Weerapana, 2009). Changes in price of inputs The price of the inputs or ingredients used to produce soft drinks also causes the supply curve to shift. An increase in price of inputs will ultimately decrease the supply of soft drinks from the suppliers. This will be done to cover up the cost incurred by the suppliers due to increase in the prices of the inputs. Similarly, decrease in the price of inputs w

Asian union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Asian union - Essay Example The Travel and Tour unit focuses on providing holiday, ticketing and travel services for clients in the UK and it has connections with airlines, hotels and other hospitality institutions in Asia and North America to provides clients good traveling and holiday services. There are numerous airlines around the world that partner with Asian Union to provide good carrier services to clients who need them. The Freight Service is provided by Western Freight Services which is a subsidiary of Asian Union Ltd. The Freight Service includes air and sea transport of goods and services for a wide customer base. It arranges for both regular and irregular products to be shipped and flown to different destinations around the world. The freight service also includes custom clearance and distribution of goods to their final destinations around the world. Asian Union also runs a money transfer agency that partners with Western Union to provide the best money transfer services for clients. This service t argets people sending money to Asian countries that have exotic currencies that are often not available in the UK. Targeted countries for their service include: Afghanistan, Pakistan, China and India. The company seeks to grow a distinct money transfer service that will incorporate all the customized needs of various destinations in the Asian region of the world. Asian Union is located on West Hendon Broadway. It is a suburban section of Northwest London that is a popular spot for many travel and tours as well as financial institutions. This section is known for the collectivity of the travel industry as well as international linkage businesses like freight services and money transfers. Find below an extract of the map of the Hendon area of London for further analysis: Point A: 174 West Hendon Broadway London NW9 7AA, UK. West Hendon Broadway is an elite street on London that is close to various affluent neighbourhoods of North London. There are at least 15 travel and related-servic e providers that are located within a 1-mile radius around the location of Asian Union Ltd. The location adds up to the competitive strengths of Asian Union Ltd since it is also highly accessible from various parts of London, and there is a thriving Asian community living just a few miles away from its location. Situational Analysis Asian Union Ltd is affected by numerous elements of the business environment. Each of these components of the external environment has some influence on the operations and activities of Asian Union and it affects the profitability, survival and growth of the business by posing some kind of threat or acting as some form of opportunity for improvement. These environmental factors can be analysed using the PEST model. Political Anti-Money Laundering UK's new Anti-Money Laundering Laws (AML) which seeks to prevent criminals from transferring funds from illegal activities has a major influence on the money transfer service that Asian Union transfers. Also, An ti-Terrorism laws makes it impossible for Asian Union to deal with certain blacklisted persons. Under this law, Asian Union cannot transfer over ?10,000 from a given customer without asking for the customer to disclose the source of funds and tax returns on the amount. Opportunities: This

China in the Classical Era Essay Example for Free

China in the Classical Era Essay The gender systems of the Classical era in China can almost be summed up with this phrase: â€Å"How sad it is to be a woman!† (Strayer) According to the Chinese traditions when a girl child is born the family is definitely not happy about the birth. The mothers of the girl child must do three things; â€Å"first she must make the child sleep under the bed this shows the baby that she is lowly and weak, second she must give the baby a potsherd or a piece of broken pot to play with to make the girl child realize that the only thing in life for her is housework, and thirdly the mother must make an offering to the ancestors when she announces the birth of the girl child. † (Strayer) Chinese women are considered less than men, less than the servants even. She must always humble herself to the man of the family, or her â€Å"master†; she is to do whatever the in-laws require her to do as well. The gender system of the Classical era in India is much like China. â€Å"In childhood a female must be subject to her father, in youth to her husband, when her lord is dead to her sons; a woman must never be independent.† (Strayer) The female in India could never be on her own, her father rules her life as a child, her husband as a wife and if she has male children, she is less than her children if the husband ever dies. She must never be vain, show her face or her body, and woman of India is less than a person because of these rules. The gender system of the Classical era in Rome began very much the same for the females. †If each man of us, fellow citizens, had established that the right and authority of the husband should be held over the mother of his own family we should have less difficulty with women in general.† (Strayer) In Rome men were expected to rule. This may have come from the fact that in order for Roman men to reproduce they had to pillage other villages and kidnap and rape the captured women. Over that time the men obviously ruled the house, the city and the land. Women were considered imprudent, rude and considered unbridled if they conducted any kind of business without a male guardian present. In all three cultures the same patriarchy is evident. Women were to do nothing without the say so of the man. Whether it is her father, husband, brother or son, she was to do as she was told when she was told and not complain about it. In China the females did as told, even by the mother-in-law, she was humbled, regardless of the situation, the husband could do as wished as long as it didn’t bring shame to himself or his family. There really isn’t anyway for the Chinese woman to get away from the patriarchy of her family or her husband’s family. In India the only way that a woman could relieve herself from her husband’s patriarchy â€Å"was to become a Buddhist nun and entering a monastery where women were relatively less restricted and could exercise more authority than in ordinary life.† (Strayer) Even thought this relieved her of her families’ patriarchy she still didn’t have complete independence from male dominance. In Rome however, this is where the changes began for the Roman women. â€Å"When these speeches for and against the law had been made, a considerably larger crowd of women poured forth in public the next day; as a single body they besieged the doors, of the Brutus’s, who were vetoing their colleagues’ motion, and they didn’t not stop until the tribunes took back their veto†¦.† (Strayer) The women of Rome were sick of being treated as less the nothings, they began to go into the streets, talk to whomever they chose even other women’s husbands. They had decided as a group that it was time that they had some rights. The women were no longer going to sit in the houses and have absolutely no wealth, no status, and no rights. There were some men against this and some men that approved of it. In the end the women won, and was allowed a few rights. This was taken away twenty years later though. The cultures of the Classical era showed that women were less than men, they had no rights, they had no wealth and they would always be obedient. This was an act to humble the women, they were slaves. The males always dominated the women; only the Roman women as a group were able to stand up for themselves. The Chinese and the women of India did not. They were obedient. Works Cited: Strayer, Robert. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History. Boston. New York, Bedford/ St. Martins 2011

Yanomamo Tribe :: Yanomamo Indians Culture

The Yanomamo My name is Eric Dunning and this is my proposal to go and study the Yanomamo tribe in the rain forests of Brazil. I have compiled a historical outline of the Yanomamo tribe and some of their religion and culture, ranging from marital status to the type of food they eat. I have chosen this tribe because according to many anthropologists the Yanomamo are perhaps the last culture to have come in contact with the modern world. The Yanomamo people of Central Brazil are one of the oldest examples of the classic pre-Columbian forest footmen. The Yanomamo live in almost complete seclusion in the Amazon rain forests of South America. The Yanomamo live in small bands or tribes and live in round communal huts called shabonos, which are actually made up of individual living quarters. The Yanomamo language consists of a variety of dialect, but no real written language. Clothes are minimal, and much of their daily life revolves around gardening, hunting, gathering, making crafts and visiting with one another. These small tribes hold their men in high ranks. Chiefs are always men who are held responsible for the general knowledge and safety of the group's women. The men are able to beat their wives if they feel the need to and are able to marry more than one woman at a time. This loose form of polygamy is a way of increasing the population of the tribe. Yanomamo people rely heavily on a system of political alliances based upon relationship. As part of that system, they have incorporated a complex feasting and trading system into their culture. One of these methods of forming political alliances is feasting. Feasting is when one village invites another village for a feast or dinner. During the feast there is a lot of social activity. The Yanomamo dance and mingle with each other along with eating a different variety of foods. The only catch is the other village must reciprocate a feast by one village. This feast is more like an American dinner party in which members of family or social group invite others to attend. A feast however can be dangerous and or fatal for those who attend. The Yanomamo can be very conniving and deceiving. They pretend to be loyal friends and invite the other village for a feast. The other very village very trustfully attends the feast not knowing that this might be their last meal.

Office 365

Abstract This project will centers on Microsoft office 365. We are going to discuss how Microsoft Office 365 have the ability to impact the business environment in a way that we never thought it was possible. In this report we will be describing Microsoft office 365, its benefits, how it will be implemented into the business, its critical assessments, course integration, and we will compare and contrast some of the review on this technology. Office 365 Table of Contents Summary4 Benefits6 Implementation Plan8 Course Integration9 Critical Assessment: Critique Technology (Compare and Contrast the technology)11 Review of Technology11 Compare and contrast12 Pricing12 Storage13 Works Cited13 Summary Office 365 is a new offering from Microsoft that utilizes the cloud to provide online, seamless, collaboration for businesses and non-profit organizations. Office 365 contains all the familiar applications and productivity tools that everyone is already familiar with, but hosts them in a cloud environment that minimizes maintenance and storage costs while allowing individuals to work from virtually anywhere and on any device. As a cloud-based service, Office 365 offers all the benefits you would expect from a hosted software suite. The pay-as-you-go model allows organizations to pay for only what they need at any given time by increasing and decreasing subscriptions on the fly. With highly automated maintenance, dynamic storage capabilities and deployment flexibility, local IT departments can spend less resources managing desktop software and focus their efforts on strategic initiatives. The largest impact of using the cloud-based Office 365 suite  ¬will be visible to both, users and IT departments. Users will always have the latest features by performing upgrades behind the scenes without any interaction from local IT departments at no additional cost. Microsoft Office 365 consists of five components that are aimed at increasing the productivity of the user base. These include the Office Professional Plus, SharePoint Online, Exchange Online, Web Apps, and Lync Online. While each of those components are all cloud-based through the web, they carry the same user-interface and familiarity with the existing Microsoft offerings for desktops. Additionally, content and documents can be transferred back and forth between the desktop applications and Office 365 applications seamlessly. First on the list of offerings in the Microsoft Office 365 suite is the Office Professional Plus package. This package consists of all the traditional Microsoft Office applications including, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, and OneNote. Each of these applications functions almost identically to their desktop variants and carries the same user interface. Users will be familiar with the environment and require minimal training. While the Office Professional Package allows you to create, modify and view documents, it relies on another component to store, organize, and manage the documents and content. This is the SharePoint Online component. At its core, SharePoint Online is a content management system that allows for collaboration, workflows, real-time updates, and access level management. In addition to the traditional content management functionality, SharePoint Online is also a web portal that allows organizations to create websites and communicate enterprise wide. Functionality includes, but is not limited to wikis, blogs, and discussion forums. The Exchange Online and Lync Online components are all about communication. Exchange Online is an online, service-based email server that works very much like Microsoft Exchange Server. It includes email functionality, content management, and calendar management. Lync Online takes this one step further by adding video and web conferencing functionality, enterprise instant messaging and virtual meetings. All of these communication features of Office 365 are available online from virtually anywhere. Being able to access everything from virtually anywhere is complimented by the ability to use almost any type of device to use Office 365. This includes cell phones, tablets, and even kiosks in malls and other public places. This functionality comes from the Web Apps component of Office 365. Web Apps makes editing, viewing, and sharing content a possibility no matter where you are and what devices you have available to you. It works with all Microsoft Office documents and even enables email and Lync communication functionality on mobile devices. It's the next step in taking the desktop experience to your mobile device. All of these features come together to provide an online solution to meet the demands of today's organizations. By minimizing maintenance, reducing cost, and adding mobility and flexibility, Microsoft aims to offer a next generation solution that will reap all the benefits of the cloud. Benefits Office 365 has an array of endless benefits. The many benefits include cost, security, ease of use, and many other factors. Some of the benefits that it offers are anytime, anywhere access, professional face for your business, ease of communication and collaboration inside and outside your organization, friendly user interface, straightforward to use e-mail, collaboration, and online meeting solutions, safety and security, seamless coordination with the tools you already know, no requirement for advanced It knowledge, 99. 9-percent availability, flexibility of your business and much more. One major benefit is that you can view your documents, e-mails, calendars, and contacts from on virtually any device you that you own. You also don’t necessarily have to be in a central location. You can view all your documents or email anywhere in the world. Office 365 is a very basic easy to use infrastructure. Everything is user friendly and straight forward. Another feature is that you can edit your documents or edit your calendar from any device. It’s also very safe and secure. The anti-virus and ant-spam are updated frequently. With this technology you can rely on never losing a document again. It’s all stored in a cloud environment. With the cloud environment you can communicate with people all over the world. With this environment it saves businesses a lot of money. Office 365 is based on a pay as you go option. The pricing is based per person on a monthly basis. It’s virtually very cheap to purchase. One key benefit is that it is very cost effective. This product is a pay-as-you-go service. Even though the prices are on a monthly base it’s still very affordable. Microsoft came up with three different plans. Businesses can choose their preference based on the necessity or features they want. Everyone from small businesses to educational institutions can utilize this product. Office 365 helps businesses save money and time. Office 365 can be used on a vast array of devices from PCs to hand held devices. The first plan is designed for a small business which consists of up to 25 employees. This plan is paid monthly. This plan is six dollars per user/per month. This access includes mobile access. With mobile devices the only requirement is that it has a Wi-Fi connection. With this fee it includes many features such as e-mail, ease of access to view documents anywhere, use of SharePoint, and many other functions. With e-mail functionality you get up to 25MB of storage. E-mail archiving is also a great benefit. Another feature is the ease of access of viewing documents online. Not only can documents be viewed online but documents can be easily edited online also. The second plan is for midsize businesses and enterprises. This plan can be purchased on a monthly plan or a yearly plan. The cost is ten dollars to twenty seven dollars per month. This cost is per user/per month. The key benefits with this plan is that you get 24/7 support, anti-virus is supported, ease of distributing documents through SharePoint, and the use of instant messaging for business meetings. Another major benefit is that you can have unlimited e-mail storage. It also consists of â€Å"Enterprise voice†. This is a key advancement in order to lower the costs of communication. With this feature you don’t need the use of a telephone but you do need internet connection to use the many features. The last plan that is offered is the â€Å"Kiosk Worker Plan†. The price is four dollars to ten dollars per user/per month. This plan is geared towards people who work in retail or people who share PCs. This plan consists of a 500 MB e-mail storage size. Kiosk workers utilize Microsoft Exchange to view their e-mail or calendar. They also have the ease of editing documents on the web. They only have basic editing rights. With the four dollar plan they can only view the documents and they can’t make any changes. Implementation Plan The way office 365 is going to be implemented into the business is simple, but it is very important that when you introduce a new product like Office 365 that we do so methodically, by doing so we avoid lot of errors and make it easy for the people that are going to be using this product. What we must first do is a detail introduction of the product to all the active stakeholders, this done by either calling for a meeting or sending information and introduction guides to the stakeholders. After the introduction briefing it is now up to us to study the costumer infrastructure and do a run through of all the activities that we will do and the problems that might occur during this process. Upon this review we can now give the costumer timeline and guidance of the installation process. Upon completion, it is now time to give the company help or service desk training regarding common problem solving. After this we can now start doing the testing of the product on site and in the process giving training to those that are eventually going to be using Office 365. Finally we do the actual migration of our data into the new cloud system. Office 365 will now allow user to access their e-mail, important documents, contacts, and calendar on nearly any device from almost anywhere. It frees you to work where and when you choose, allowing you to respond to important requests right away, no matter where you are. Because you can use your mobile device to access e-mail and documents, you won’t have to hurry back to the office or look for a Wi-Fi hot spot if you are using your computer. When traveling, you can access your e-mail and even edit online documents from most popular web browsers and easy to use. Office 365 is easy to try, simple to learn, and straightforward to use. It works flawlessly with the programs you know and use most, including Outlook, Word, Excel, OneNote and PowerPoint. With Office 365, you can choose which tools to use. With Office 365, you can create a password-protected portal to share large, hard-to-email files both inside and outside your organization, giving you a single location to find the very latest versions of files or documents, no matter how many people are working on them. Powerful security features from Microsoft help protect your data. Office 365 is backed with a 99. 9-percent uptime, financially backed guarantee. Office 365 helps safeguard your data with enterprise-grade reliability, disaster recovery capabilities, data centers in multiple locations, and a strict privacy policy. It also helps protect your email environment with up-to-date antivirus and anti-spam solutions. Course Integration Microsoft Office 365 has numerous benefits to offer its prospective customers, individual, small and medium business to enterprises and government agencies. Throughout the course so far we have learned about IS topics ranging from new technologies, strategies, techniques, best practices and ethical and managerial challenges. Microsoft Office 365 is built primarily from the ground up to support cloud computing and provide access from anywhere at any time and using the vast majority of wireless devices that support Wi-Fi. Cloud Computing in Office 365 represents a competitive advantage that the company keeps advertizing about. Microsoft came up with a strategic planning and competitive pricing model tailored to its customers. They have different pricing schemes that suit and appeal to everyone. Part of the company’s strategic planning is to capitalize on the â€Å"Five Industry Forces†, in which they are among the first to enter this market, they don’t fear threats of new competitors entering this market since it requires a great deal of investments, they have the bargaining power of suppliers since they provide something that not many companies can provide, they don’t fear any threat generated from any substitute in the market since there are not that many companies providing the same service, and they have a very well and respectful brand. Some small size companies that do not afford the cost of sophisticated functional systems depend heavily on Office application to fill this gap and provide them with all functionalities that enable them to carry on with their day-to-day activities. Microsoft Office 365 provides the ultimate solution for collaboration and communication through several means either through Exchange server for big organizations or Outlook for small companies and also through Lync. Microsoft Office 365 promises 99. 9% availability and uptime through its innovative cloud computing. The company uses Service Level Agreements with their customers to define the level and the quality of expected services and the estimated time to recover from an outage. As the number of malicious threats increase on the application level, Microsoft promises a much secured environment backed by industry standard anti-virus, anti-phishing and anti-spam that alleviates the effort of maintenance off the IT folks and let them concentrate on their core business. Throughout the course, we talked about the new approach of cost saving and cost reduction of applications through the use of Software as a Service (SaaS). Office 365 is a great example for this approach, in which the company bundles different set of tools and applications and make them available on demand for a monthly fees. This model reinforces the â€Å"economies of scale† in application operations, in which an application provider may be able to provide better and cheap services. As much as Office 365 has plenty of good things to offer; it is also inevitable from the ethical and managerial challenges. Among these challenges are, hosting all these data in its data center presents a big challenge for the company. One of the biggest questions is how Microsoft will handle security and privacy. In a release note from Microsoft detailing the security and privacy features of the application and in lieu of the Patriot act, Microsoft stated â€Å"In a limited number of circumstances,  Microsoft may need to disclose  data without your prior consent, including as needed to satisfy legal requirements, or to protect the rights or property of Microsoft or others (including the enforcement of agreements or policies governing the use of the service). † Critical Assessment: Critique Technology (Compare and Contrast the technology) Review of Technology Office 365 is about being connected and be able to work virtually anywhere. Office 365 offers many services to the costumers. For example, †¢ SharePoint Online o Intranets o Extranets o Collaboration, connectivity, productivity †¢ Exchange Online o E-mail, calendars, contacts and tasks o Cross platforms (PC, Web, Mobile) o Collaboration, connectivity, productivity †¢ Lync Online (The new version of OCS) o Communication capabilities like chat, audio- or video calls. o Collaboration, connectivity, productivity †¢ Office Web Apps Online version of Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote o Totally awesome. o Collaboration, connectivity, productivity †¢ Office Professional Plus o All the familiar Office application you’re used to playing around with is of course included â€Å"Office 365†. The cloud keeps the IT-departments irresponsible for the hardware and patching or upgrades needs to be taken care of. Microsoft will be responsibl e for the cloud and they will provide hardware and patching or upgrades when they are needed. Also, security is Microsoft responsibility, and with office 365, organization can be hooked up in a minute. Compare and contrast Pricing A. Google Apps †¢ Google Apps for Business  costs either $5 a month per user or $50 a year per user. †¢ It's free for â€Å"accredited not-for-profit 501(c) (3) entities with < 3,000 users, K-12 schools, colleges, and universities. †¢ Fewer than 10 users you can use Google Apps for free. †¢ You can also use Google Docs, without Google Apps, for free. B. Office 365 †¢ Starts at $6 per user per month for small organizations with less than 25 employees. †¢ $10 – $27 for more than 25 employees per month †¢ There's also kiosk pricing at $4 or $10 a month. No discounts for education. C. Zoho †¢ Starts at $3 – $5 per user per month †¢ E-mail is a  separate service  and costs $2. 50 – $3. 50 per user per month †¢ There are also free versions of both the e-mail service and Docs Storage A. Google Apps †¢ Provide 25GB per user for e-mail and 1GB per user for documents. †¢ E-mail attachment sizes are limited to 25MB. B. Office 365 †¢ The basic 365 plans provide 25GB of e-mail storage. †¢ Attachments are limited to 35MB. C. Zoho †¢ Offers 1GB of storage †¢ Mail includes 10-15 GB per user depending on the plan. Attachments are limited to 10MB. Works Cited Crane, R. (2011, July 25). Why Office 365’s small business plan may not suit small business. Retrieved october 25, 2011, from boxfreeit: www.. com/Productivity/why-office-365s-small-business-plan-is-no-good-for-small-business. html Lynn, S. (2011, July 1). Office 365: The Good and Not-So-Good. Retrieved October 25, 2011, from Pcmag: http://www. pcmag. com/article2/0,2817,2387974,00. asp#fbid=_CcTS-_Hax6 Microsoft. (2011, June 25). micfrosoft . Retrieved october 25, 2011, from Office 365 : http://www. microsoft. om/en-us/office365/what-is-office365. aspx#fbid=oP-bkIxUagi Microsoft. (2011, July 21). microsoft feed. Retrieved october 25, 2011, from microsfot feed: http://microsoftfeed. com/2011/top-10-benefits-of-microsoft-office-365/ Simon. (2011, 07 04). Office 365 Detailed Service Descriptions. Retrieved 10 25, 2011, from Simon May: http://simon-may. com/uk-technet/office-365-detailed-service-descriptions/ Topal, J. (2011, june 07). Moving to the cloud with Office 365. Good or bad business decision? Grid User Post. Retrieved october 25, 2011, from community offcie 365: http://community. ffice365. com/en-us/b/the_grid/archive/2011/06/07/grid-user-post-moving-to-the-cloud-with-office-365-good-or-bad-business-decision. aspx Office 365 – Part 1: What Is Office 365 and How Can My Organization Benefit from Using It? † Tobias Zimmergren, 12 June 2011. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. Finley, Klint. â€Å"Office 365 vs. Google Apps vs. Zoho. †Ã‚  ReadWriteWeb – Web Apps, Web Technology Trends, Social Networking and Social Media. Readwriteweb, 28 June 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. . Zack Whittaker, June 23, 2011. Microsoft: ‘We can hand over Office 365 da ta without your permission'