High School Essay Example for Free

Secondary School Essay I. Issue/Needs a. San Nicolas Elementary School (s. y. 2013-2014) has 765 enrollees, 43 educators, non-instructing, staffs, faculty, including its support. Past school years, review through meeting shows that the school has no container. What they did was a homeroom container wherein educators permit outside merchants to sell nourishments, snacks in every study hall during break time. This training had wrong effect and its focal points to the whole school grounds. Rather than 30 minutes break time, review shows they have 45 minutes and exercises are influenced. b. Outside sellers are not known by the understudies and educators. They simply offer their cooked nourishments to understudies without knowing or not certain with the safetiness of what they are going to take in. They don’t know how and who made the nourishments. Different guardians likewise go inside the school to offer bites to eat to their kids during break time which make break time longer. School staffs watched this circumstance and they settled on a choice to truly have bottle at the earliest opportunity. c. During the primary gathering of the school year 2013-2014, the PTA meeting handled the subject about school container, they ought to have it. As a circumstance to the need of the school, the chief set another gathering to meet intrigued guardians who needs to deal with the bottle. Thus, school students, instructors and other work force presently have their break time appropriately. Supervisor of the flask improved the school container, and set it up for the new bottle. Presently, San Nicolas Elementary School is about for more secure, more advantageous and progressively helpful container for everybody. II. Proclamation of Vision, Mission and Values Vision: The school will give a decent wellspring of nourishments for the students, instructors and guardians of the school. Solid nourishments, cost of food sources will definitely be directly for everybody. Strategic: school will have a flask all alone, oversaw by the school itself or any agents from the PTA part. Nourishments will without a doubt be solid and nutritious. Sort of nourishments to sold will be carefully observed to sure the safetiness of all the whole school. Qualities: Having a school flask will advance deliberate and composed school particularly on break time. Everybody in school should bolster its bottle that could help in the advancement and improvement of the whole school. III. Advertising plan a. Exploration and Analysis: It is over two years when San Nicolas Elementary School has no bottle. Previous administrations of school bottle accepted that their administrations and nourishments offer are not fulfilling. It was seen by our meetings that understudies and instructors might more want to go out or purchase outside their snacks during break time. Notwithstanding that, cost of the past container are not reasonable by the understudies. PTA meeting was directed and during the said gathering, the chief reported that all guardians who are intrigued to deal with the school bottle this school year 2013-2014 is allowed to pass offer structure containing rental which is the most elevated proposal as a rental of the school will have the chance to deal with the container. The structure additionally contains the normal menus, nourishments offered and its costs. The month to month rental of the school flask will be a salary of the school which will be utilized for school upgrades toward the finish of the school year. This move of the school as an answer of the issue accepts that it will go to a preferred position of the whole school. Understudies and educators will be agreeable to invest their break energy inside the bottle, safetiness and solid nourishments will be as certain. Mishaps will be inconceivable on the grounds that understudies will no longer go out to close by stores to purchase nourishments and furthermore month to month pay of the school will be in question. b. Advertising Strategies: Students will be the main client of the container, so offers will be for understudies all things considered. Nourishments will be founded on the flavor of the buyers so as by the educators moreover. Nourishments will be straightforward bites so costs will likewise be moderate and sensible particularly for standard understudies. Costs will be carefully checked. Uncommon promotions or straightforward promotion will likewise be given. Basic promotion like free squeeze or offering limited costs on sets of nibble things. Like: 1 exceptional miki customary cost is Php 15. 00 with bubbled egg on garnishes in addition to 1 revive juice is at Php 6. 00= understudy will pay just Php 20. 00| Foods or tidbits will be variable, in view of what is saleable to buyers. IV. Creation Plan Quantity| Unit| Supplies| 533050102550301010| KilosKilosPcs. SticksBoxesPcs. Pcs. SticksBagsBags| PancitMikiBoiled eggBarbecueAsstd. Organic product drinksSandwichesShanghaiBanana cueAsstd. BiscuitsAsstd. cupcakes|.

Frantz Fanon on “National Culture”

In â€Å"On National Culture,† a paper gathered in The Wretched of the Earth, Frantz Fanon forefronts the accompanying Catch 22: â€Å"national identity,† while indispensable to the development of a Third World transformation, incomprehensibly cutoff points such endeavors at freedom since it re-engraves an essentialist, totalizing, fetishized, regularly white collar class explicit comprehension of â€Å"nation† instead of empowering a nuanced verbalization of a persecuted people's social heterogeneity across class lines.In different words, in spite of the fact that the idea of â€Å"nation† unjustifiably describes colonized subjects as verifiably brought together in their crudeness or intrigue, the term's guarantee of solidarity and solidarity frequently demonstrates accommodating regardless in their endeavors at political improvement. Fanon energizes a realist conceptualization of the country that is put together less with respect to aggregate social conv entions or predecessor adore as political office and the aggregate endeavor to disassemble the financial establishments of pilgrim rule.Colonialism, as Fanon contends, genuinely incapacitates the colonized subject as well as denies her of a â€Å"pre-colonial† social legacy. But then, if expansionism in this sense electrifies the local scholarly to â€Å"renew contact again with the most seasoned and most pre-pioneer spring of life of their people,† Fanon is mindful so as to bring up that these endeavors at recouping national congruity from the beginning of time are frequently created and at last self-defeating.â€Å"I am prepared to concede,† he concedes, â€Å"that on the plane of accurate being the past presence of an Aztec human progress doesn't transform anything especially in the eating regimen of the Mexican worker of today. † In the entry underneath, Fanon clarifies that â€Å"national identity† just conveys meaning to the extent that it mi rrors the consolidated progressive endeavors of an abused people focusing on aggregate freedom: A national culture isn't an old stories, not a theoretical populism that trusts it can find the individuals' actual nature.It isn't comprised of the latent leftovers of unwarranted activities, in other words activities which are less and less connected to the ever-present truth of the individuals. A national culture is the entire collection of endeavors made by a people in the circle of thought to portray, legitimize, and acclaim the activity through which that individuals has made itself and keeps itself in presence.

Student Summer Jobs

Student Summer Jobs Student Summer Jobs Home›Tips for Students›Student Summer Jobs Tips for StudentsThis year’s summer job period has already begun, QualityCustomEssays.com announces, so it is high time for those students who want to earn some money this summer to start a job search. Despite the fact that this year is going to be tough for student job seekers, there are employers that depend on enthusiastic, affordable and energetic help teenagers provide. The most important thing is to be on time, persistent and prepared when searching a summer job.Start Your Job Search EarlyThe end of a school year may be too late to start your summer job search. Such seasonal employers like amusement parks and camps are already organizing job fairs and posting summer openings. Go to your school career center and guidance office, visit corresponding company sites and job posting sites (such as coolworks.com and others) to look for your summer job.  Rewarding PersistenceNowadays job seekers apply up to 20 places before finding a job, but it is not time to give up. Keep on applying. Remember that every application you fill out gives you better chances to find a job. Every interview is your experience and you will only benefit from it.  Be Prepared for a Job SearchOne more key to success is to be prepared. It is essential for a job seeker to have an appropriate cover letter and a resume. Moreover, it is rather important for a teenager to have the right credentials to prove the employer that the student is worth hiring over a more experienced worker. It reveals that the student treats the position seriously and is mature and responsible enough to cope with new responsibilities.QualityCustomEssays.com wishes you a prolific summer and is always ready to help you in your study process.

A Legal And Ethical Dilemma - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1648 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? Shady Brook skilled nursing facility is facing a legal and ethical dilemma with the care of their patient Mary Evelyn Greene. Mrs. Greene is 89 years old and suffers from the onset of mild dementia as well as other declining health issues related to aging. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Legal And Ethical Dilemma" essay for you Create order Although she became depressed over losing her independence and home upon being admitted to this facility, she seems to be pleased with her overall stay here up until her son, David, visits her. David acts as the power of attorney for his mother and deals with her personal affairs. Caring for his mother has become a major responsibility and quite difficult to deal with on his own. As of late, tending to his mother has begun to interfere with his work life. The nursing staff have become aware of his inimical attitude towards his mother and his thinning patience when visiting. Theyve documented that she seems happier in his absence and agitated in his presence. Mrs. Greene has become too weak to eat on her own and often leaves much of her food on the tray. A CNA that she has grown fond of, Susan Brown, steps into sit with her and feed her when she is able to. Even though her desire to eat has declined and she has gradually lost her appetite, Mrs. Greene has never expressed to the medical staff at Shady Brook that she would like her food to be withheld or that she wished to die. In fact, she seems to still enjoy the smell of certain foods even when she has no appetite, and also responds positively to volunteers who carry out activities at Shady Brook. Therefore, her sons request to respect his mothers wishes of allowing her to die a quick death by not eating, came to the nursing staff as a surprise. Mrs. Greene has not exhibited any suicidal behaviors or expressed suicidal thoughts, which is why the nursing home administrator, Betty Wright, is concerned with whether she should trust his decision and motives. This becomes a legal and ethical dilemma as the ethics committee must examine the patients rights, the states laws related to assisted suicide, the patients mental capacity, their best interest and stay within the legal realm of their facilitys operations. With the threat of a lawsuit coming from Mrs. Greenes son, the ethics committee must make a decision that not only reflects the best interest of Mrs. Greene but also protects their organization legally. Mrs. Greenes rapidly declining health and weight loss should have alerted the nursing staff that there was a need for reevaluation of her plan of care. A weight loss of more than 5 pounds a week should have triggered the immediate attention of her healthcare providers. It is the job of skilled nursing facilities to ensure that the quality of life for each client is maximized and to prevent their decline in ability to perform activities of daily living. While it was appropriate to monitor and document her food intake and reactions to certain foods, it is ineffective to record data without seeking ways to improve the issue. Once it was realized that Mrs. Greene no longer possessed the ability to feed herself, someone should have been assigned the task of feeding her or her family/power of attorney should have been notified that the facility was unable to provide this service for her care so that they could assess other options. Even if it meant that the sitter hired by David scheduled her hours around feeding times to assist. There are a few legal dilemmas for Shady Brook in this case. To start, Mrs. Greenes son, who is also her power of attorney, is requesting that the facility withhold food from his mother. However, doing so would be illegal as it is equivalent to assisting in murder. By law and buy contract the nursing home is required to provide Mrs. Greene with care that aligns with best care practices and avoid negligence in duty to their client. It is also difficult to determine her legitimate wishes as she suffers from dementia induced memory impairment. Therefore, her wishes/decisions for her own care could change from moment to moment. This makes it illegal to pursue the wishes that her son claims she had as we are unaware of what her mental state may have been, especially due to the agitated state that David evokes from her. On these legal basis, not even the power of attorney is able to instruct the facility to incriminate themselves. A large portion of the ethical dilemma for Shady Brook in this case lies in the sons wish to enable the death of a relatively healthy person. While his mother may not be in the best health condition, she is far from being in a vegetative state and is still full of life. The only time that the nursing staff has experienced her in an agitated state is during and after visits with her son. Ethically, the facility feels the need to alleviate any suffering that their client feels, even if she wishes to die, which in this case they are unsure of due to her dementia. They do not wish to play along and assist Mrs. Greene in a quick death and are unsure of the motives surrounding his threats of a lawsuit. They must also be careful not to allow this threat to prevent them from doing what is right. This situation has progressed beyond the point of suggesting that Mrs. Greene be moved to a different facility because they realize that this is not in her best interest and would not aid her in anyw ay. Lawfully, the patient does not have a right to die and therefore David does not have a case. Because Mrs. Greene is not in a vegetative state, withholding proper nutrition and encouraging death would be illegal. The ethics committee should continue to serve Mrs. Greene meals and provide a staff member to feed her. The previously documented reactions that she had to certain meals should be assessed to see which ones she reacted positively to. These meals should be the ones that are prepared for her to eat. Because Mrs. Greene has already loss a large amount of her body weight due to malnutrition, the ethics committee should also consider tube feedings to ensure that she is getting the proper amounts of nutrients daily and to prevent/reverse dehydration and malnutrition, especially if she has lost her appetite or has no desire to eat. It May even become necessary to solicit a nutritionist to be heavily involved in Mrs. Greenes plan of care. Many dementia patients suffer from dysphagia. If the foods are difficult for Mrs. Greene to swallow, then the nutritionist may be able to recommend foods that are easier for her to eat. They may also be able to suggest foods that have high nutritional value and aide in treating depression holistically. By serving Mrs. Greene foods that she enjoys the smell of, it may increase her desire to eat even if she lacks an appetite. In doing so, Shady Brook would be fulfilling their legal obligation to care for their patient by making provisions to provide personalized plans of care. Mrs. Greene would also benefit by being served foods that bring her joy and increase her desire to indulge. This has the potential to boost her mood as well as her weight. Both consequences work in her favor. On the other hand, providing her with a tube feeding would protect Shady Brook from negligence but increases liabilities as tube feedings have much more room for error. Mrs. Greene must also be assessed to ensure that her body will be able to properly process the feedings and use the nutrients. If not, the supplement will do more harm than good as it sits in her stomach. If she is eligible for such feedings, Mrs. Greene may welcome the idea. It would prevent her from having to deal with the frustrations associated with meal and feeding times. It would also improve her nutritional health state. By involving a nutritionist in Mrs. Greenes plan of care Shady Brook is ensuring that she receives the best nutrition plan possible for her individual condition. This protects their organization and benefits the overall well-being of their client, Mrs. Greene. Essentially, if it is Mrs. Greenes wish to die by not eating then she can. Although Shady Brooks is required to serve her a meal, she has the right to refuse to eat it, but the meal must be served regardless. She also has the right to refuse feeding assistance. These instances of refusal should be documented in the event that negligence is suspected. Because of Mrs. Greenes mental state her power of attorney, David, may need to be consulted as well. I would recommend that the ethics committee continue to serve Mrs. Greene meals, preferably those in which she has reacted positively to previously. I would also recommend that they assign someone to sit with her and assist during feedings. When available, this person should be Susan Brown since she has taken such a liking to her. Her appetite seems to improve when Susan assists her as well. This relationship and attention to detail in her care has potential to improve her overall condition. The additional attention could aid in her depression as well, as she seems to enjoy it and thrive from it. The ethics committee should take into consideration Bettys comment that David needs the money to educate his children. Being that he seems to be the sole heir to his parents estate it appears suspicious that he is so adamant about allowing her death. Although he has presented it as his mothers own wishes, it very well could be his own, especially considering that no nursing staff previously reported suicidal behaviors or statements from Mrs. Greene.

Top Writing a Thesis Paper Website Tips!

Top Writing a Thesis Paper Website Tips! It is wise to look for the one which has an excellent reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive rates. As a consequence, university professors have a tendency to offer great marks after receiving an amended file. So, as soon as a student makes the decision to purchase a thesis online, we do advise he or she makes proper inquiry prior to making any financial decisions about buying a thesis online. So, locate a training provider. You post a personalized essay request on our auction-style website. Cause and Effect essays are mere tools to check whether someone can actually support a specific claim. Also on our site you may discover prepered essays which are for sale. Compare writing paper site! The Writing a Thesis Paper Website Game Writing a research paper is a significant skill you should learn. The fundamental guideline will allow you to understand ways to add the APA style in your paper. Learning how to compose a good, well-researched paper is vital to your success for a student and as a possible future academic professional. Tips on the best way to compose a paper. What You Need to Do About Writing a Thesis Paper Website Before You Miss Your Chance All text has to be justified with a 1 inch margin all over the paper. It's nearly impossible to compose a great paper without a superior introduction. The truth is, thesis is surely an essential part of any training old fashioned paper. The introductory device that is suitable for you as well as your paper will depend in large part on the subject of your paper. You've completed some work you would love to publish, and that means you sit down to compose a paper. In reality, cleaning up the 3 important pieces of an essay or a term paper could possibly be absolutely the most difficult undertaking of all. Though, there are not any hard and fast rules on how best to compose an academic paper, by following a number of precise methods, information and mindset, you can gather an uncomplicated, dependable technique of producing quality academic papers with at least hassle and pressure. There's no one to properly guide them on how best to write research paper examples, and this also contributes to frustration. Frankly, all the above is not sufficient to earn good PhD thesis topics. Students have plenty of essays and research papers to write, so there's nothing unusual in the simple fact that professional writers mostly. Essays are a rather integral portion of any academic course and there are lots of essays a student writes in his academic car eer. It's possible to simply order a same-day essay on the website. Hypothetical writing enables the writers to find the scholarships for the superior degree of studies whereas the circumstance isn't similar if extended essay is considered. When it has to do with writing essays, there's not just one or two approach to write them. The most essential part of any introduction is the thesis statement, as it can help you structure your entire paper. If you should have noticed that the all-inclusive definition of both the types of writing, thesis vs. protracted essay is comparable. While there are numerous companies, who claim to offer excellent help with research assignments, it's rare to locate an expert research paper writing service. Nevertheless, the secret to a prosperous research paper is organization. You may tell an agency is unprofessional if they don't respond on a timely way. It's possible a competent and professional writer will have lots of papers and proposals in their portfolio. If it comes to being objective, the author has to be able to describe what they're seeing in such a way in which the reader can form a very clear picture in their mind. See the method by which the author chooses the principal points to write in brief of the entire thing. To put it other words, you should continue to keep a reader's attention from the very first word until the previous period. Once having found out the subject, a reader should have the ability to imagine what you will chat about.

The nineteenth century in the US Free Essays

The nineteenth century in the US had an unmistakable theme, immigration. Over 20 million immigrants, mostly European, came to the United States between 1820 and 1900. They came for a variety of reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on The nineteenth century in the US or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most came because the economies of many European countries were in crisis and workers had a very hard time finding work. As well, some fled religious and cultural persecution. Most of them decided to come to the US because of the opportunities they had heard abounded in the US. One immigrant put it well when he said, â€Å"We are in such bad shape and in need of so much that there is nothing left for us here, we must go. † Once they arrived in the US, the immigrants were seen as second class citizens by the vast majority of US citizens. As one American put it, â€Å"I can’t understand those scum, those immigrants, for they talk differently and do things differently than I do. † The flood tide of Europeans also overwhelmed the limited charitable services available at the time. One historian referred to the settlement house movement as, â€Å"effective as bailing out the ocean with a teaspoon. Immigrants emigrated to America for the opportunity to improve themselves and found horrible working and living conditions that were a large price, although it was one they were willing to pay. Immigrants came to the US because of political persecution and economic hardships at home. Some European countries persecuted certain ethnic groups for no apparent reason. For example, both Yugoslavia and France blamed Jews for their economic problems. As the French Secretary of the Treasury put it, â€Å"Those Evil Jews who befoul our towns shall not work here, for they are second. Christians shall get the right. † Jews would get beaten by the police and as a result sought political asylum in the â€Å"land of the free†, the United States. It was also extremely difficult for many to get jobs in Europe where 50% of the workers were unemployed in some countries. The main exception was England which thrived on industry as the US did. Workers were encouraged to go to the US because of pamphlets that gave such promises as â€Å"Good work, a free life, a good life for all. † The demand of factory workers was constantly growing, and immigrants decided to take their chance. As one immigrant said, â€Å"We have nothing to lose, for we have nothing. The US is our greatest and only chance. † Immigrants came to the US expecting a higher standard of living but were forced into poor living and working conditions. The vast majority of immigrants, who lived in cities, lived in tenements. These were apartment buildings that were shabbily constructed and contained extremely small apartments. Twenty four to thirty two families were packed inside these six to eight storey structures, often referred to as dumbbell buildings due to the air shaft between the buildings that made them look like dumbbells from above. The residents were highly susceptible to disease, and life expectancy was significantly lower, by about 10 years, in these areas. Up to 4,000 people lived on some city blocks. Families had one, maybe two, small rooms. They had no privacy as the walls were thin as well. As one immigrant put it, â€Å"I can’t even talk without my entire building knowing what I said, the walls are so thin. † Bathrooms were also usually outside, although around the turn of the century, some began to appear inside. Tenements were also susceptible to fires. Due to the required air shaft between buildings, the air got trapped which caused more fires. As the material that tenements were made of was very susceptible to fire, widespread fires were common. As one immigrant described it, â€Å"I watched it and as the flames struck it, the entire block seemed to go up in a flash. It was horrible. † Working conditions for the immigrants were also horrific. The immigrants generally did two kinds of work. The first were the jobs Americans wouldn†t do and the second were the unskilled jobs that almost any person, American or immigrant, could do. Immigrants were also willing to be paid less money for the same work. Immigrants were often used as strike breakers because many of them didn†t understand the concept of strikes since it wasn†t part of their culture. The immigrants saw these jobs as ones that had been abandoned and so they took them, provoking anger in Americans for â€Å"job stealing†. As Guillaume Fouchon said,†We do not strike because it challenges our honor. As well, in the old country, there were so few jobs and so many workers. † Also, immigrants misunderstood the process of striking because it was hard to organize people who spoke different languages. Immigrants also had very little in the way of political power. This was not much of a problem, however, for as one immigrant said, â€Å"I just want to succeed, and then I’ll worry about how much political power I have. † With the exception of some groups like the Irish, the immigrants had no political power at first. However, near the turn of the century, immigrant votes became a factor as they represented 15% of the voting public in New York alone. This caused the immigrants to gain increased political power through the vote. The Chinese were often called the devils of the immigrants. They were different than all the other immigrant groups because they had a different complexion. As a result, they were subject to more prejudice. The Chinese, who mainly lived and worked in California, took many railroad jobs away from the preexisting Americans. This resulted in their being stoned and having their houses burned to the ground. Such actions were supported by both major parties. As a Democratic National Committee spokesman said, â€Å"We must fight to rid the earth of the evil Chinese. † This was significant because even the â€Å"party of the immigrants†, the Democrats, were against the Chinese. Also, most Chinese, unlike most Europeans, wanted to go to the US, earn money and then go back to China. The American public resented the Chinese and labeled them as a second-class race. As a result of all this prejudice, the Chinese were largely banned from immigrating. As Robert Ingersoll said, the Chinese were not allowed to follow the national progression that benefitted earlier immigrants. Immigrants hoped that by coming to America, they could still retain their culture which they were unable to do in large part due to the education system. Immigrants hoped that they could both move up socially to the same level as the Americans as well as keep their identity intact. When they first arrived, immigrants kept their cultural identity intact by creating ethnic neighborhoods such as Little Frances or Little Italies. These were places for people of one ethnic group, or even one town or one province, to retain their cultural values. These were very prominent, with 17 little Italies in Chicago alone. It was essential for these immigrants to have these places to attempt to avoid assimilation. As Italian immigrant Verduccio Marsongeri put it, â€Å"I need my little Italy because the old country is still so important to me. † In this way, the free education given in the US to most children, American or immigrant, was a mixed blessing. While it certainly prepared immigrant children for better jobs due to better education than their parents had had, education also resulted in a loss of cultural identity. Those children who were educated in the US were instilled with American and not old country values as well as English as the primary language. This was in fact an intended consequence of the education expansion, that the immigrant children be assimilated into American culture so as to eliminate the foreign influence on the US. While immigrants certainly didn†t want their children to be assimilated into American culture, they were willing to pay the price if it meant better education. This accounted largely for the 3 fold increase in students from 7 million in 1870 to 22 million in 1920, as well as a rise in participation from 57 to 78 percent. While the doors of primary education were open, the doors of higher education remained largely closed to the immigrant. Immigrants could go to some lower tier private colleges and state universities, but not in general to the big names such as Yale, Harvard or Stanford. Yet, still it was a major improvement for now the immigrants could be educated the same as Americans. In conclusion, the immigrants came to the US in search of opportunity but found harsh conditions. The opportunity and advances the immigrants made in the US came at a large price. Factory workers were not able to move up and were forced to work in horrid conditions for low pay. Many despaired and wanted to move back, but they couldn†t due to lack of money. Many more, however, willingly stayed. The real benefits of American opportunity and culture would be passed down to the succeeding generations. Overall, the immigration from the Europe and Asia to the US was the largest in world history. As Christa Jackstone, historian, said about the affect immigrants had on the US, â€Å"Immigration in the late 19th and early 20th century really made this country because they literally built this country. As the blacks had done in the years before the Civil War, the immigrants were doing the hard work behind the scenes while other people took credit for it. † Although the immigrants themselves paid a large price, they willingly took the first steps that would benefit future generations. How to cite The nineteenth century in the US, Papers

The Paths Of Yoga Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Paths Of Yoga Essay, Research Paper ? Yoga? comes from the Sanskrit verb yui, which means to yoke or unify. It is a? brotherhood of the single consciousness with the Infinite consciousness? ( Fisher, 89 ) . The end is to unify oneself with God and the pattern of yoga is one of the waies that are taken to carry through that end. There are four chief waies of yoga: Raja is the way of physical and mental control. Karma is the way of action. Bhakti is the way of devotedness, and Jnana is the way of cognition or wisdom ( Roberts ) . Raja yoga is frequently referred to the royal way of speculation. The Hindus are more familiar with this type of yoga because it was popularized in the West ( Fisher, 89 ) . The belief of raja yoga is that the perceptual experience of the Godhead Self is obscured by the perturbations of the head. They believe that if the head can be made still and pure, so the Self will automatically and outright shine Forth. We will write a custom essay sample on The Paths Of Yoga Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The cardinal instruction of raja yoga is speculation. Absolute mental control is achieved through speculation, concentration, and take a breathing. They believe that when the head is non ungratified, they are closer to self-awareness. The physical side of yoga is known as Hatha. It teaches control of the organic structure through positions, control of external respiration, and relaxation ( Roberts ) . Karma yoga is known as the way of action. It is besides known as the way of dedicated work. Since karma is both action and the consequence of action, whether good or bad, the pattern of karma yoga? achieves brotherhood with God through the right action and selfless service? ( Roberts ) . Those who follow the karma way act without idea of wages or addition. Those who pattern bhakti yoga, follow a way of love and devotedness. This way is most popular among the Indian followings of Sanatana Dharma ( Fisher, 92 ) . The bhakta follower attains? God-realization-oneness with the Divine? through the force of love, which is the most powerful emotion that one could hold. The way of bhakta yoga involves give uping oneself to the Divine through supplication, worship, and ritual since bhakta agencies? to function the Divine? ( Roberts ) . The last way is jnana yoga and is besides known as the yoga of cognition, and is considered the most hard way to follow. Where the other waies follow the suggestions of the bosom, the jnani uses the powers of the head to know apart between the existent and the unreal. Their end is to detect knowledge concealed deep inside through inquiring, speculation, and contemplation ( Roberts ) . Harmonizing to Roberts, a individual should hold integrated the lessons of the other yogistic waies because without altruism, love of God, and the strength of organic structure and head, the hunt for self-fulfillment is nil more than an exercising in doctrine.

Rifle vs. Riffle

Rifle vs. Riffle Rifle vs. Riffle Rifle vs. Riffle By Maeve Maddox A reader has a question about the verbs rifle and riffle in relation to papers: One word I so often see misspelled in books is riffle. Authors will say,  He rifled through the papers in the file. More often than not, they do not use riffled. I even see it in bestsellers. Actually, papers may be either rifled (long i) or riffled (short i). The words possibly share an etymology with an ancestor that had such meanings as scratch, scrape, steal, and rob. In Piers Plowman (c. 1400), Langland has the allegorical character Covetousness say, â€Å"I rose when they were asleep and rifled their sacks.† Rifle can be used transitively or intransitively to mean, â€Å"make a thorough search.† Sometimes the phrasal â€Å"rifle through† is used. Crime writers (and police) often have occasion to use the verb rifle when describing the aftermath of a break-in: I sat in the black leather chair and carefully  rifled  through the junk mail, bills, and personal correspondence. A peace group in Cleveland reports a break-in of their offices. Some items of value were taken including computer disks and stamps, others were ignored and the office was rifled. The intruder rifled drawers and files but nothing appeared to have been taken. He rifled through a desk and found a security card to the building’s front door. Drawers and filing cabinets had been rifled through and left open, but no property was initially noticed to be missing. â€Å"To riffle papers† is another thing altogether. In the context of moving paper, riffle means, â€Å"to ruffle in a slight or rippling manner.† Anyone who has ever sat outside to read a newspaper or conventional book has experienced the mild annoyance of having one’s reading interrupted by a breeze: The  breeze riffled the pages  and he held them down and stared at the  drawings, which seemed to come to life on the page. Things other than paper may be riffled: Cool  breezes riffled  through Letos hair as he descended toward the warmer surface. A late-afternoon  breeze riffled  the water out beyond the  lazy  breakers and hustled some candy wrappers down the wet brown beach. A sudden  gust riffled  palm fronds overhead, but nothing else stirred. Another use of riffle is to describe the movement of flicking through papers or cards in such a way as to release the leaves or cards in rapid succession: As the  cards  are held and  riffled, the back design of the  cards  are observed.   The dealers  hands  riffled  the deck, and the  cards  made a smooth, purring noise. With rifle and riffle- as with so much else- context is all. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's Mind25 Idioms About Bread and Dessert

Principles of Newtons Law of Gravity

Principles of Newtons Law of Gravity Newtons law of gravity defines the attractive force between all objects that possess mass. Understanding the law of gravity, one of the fundamental forces of physics, offers profound insights into the way our universe functions. The Proverbial Apple The famous story that Isaac Newton came up with the idea for the law of gravity by having an apple fall on his head is not true, although he did begin thinking about the issue on his mothers farm when he saw an apple fall from a tree. He wondered if the same force at work on the apple was also at work on the moon. If so, why did the apple fall to the Earth and not the moon? Along with his Three Laws of Motion, Newton also outlined his law of gravity in the 1687 book Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which is generally referred to as the Principia. Johannes Kepler (German physicist, 1571-1630) had developed three laws governing the motion of the five then-known planets. He did not have a theoretical model for the principles governing this movement, but rather achieved them through trial and error over the course of his studies. Newtons work, nearly a century later, was to take the laws of motion he had developed and applied them to planetary motion to develop a rigorous mathematical framework for this planetary motion. Gravitational Forces Newton eventually came to the conclusion that, in fact, the apple and the moon were influenced by the same force. He named that force gravitation (or gravity) after the Latin word gravitas which literally translates into heaviness or weight. In the Principia, Newton defined the force of gravity in the following way (translated from the Latin): Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Mathematically, this translates into the force equation: FG Gm1m2/r2 In this equation, the quantities are defined as: Fg The force of gravity (typically in newtons)G The gravitational constant, which adds the proper level of proportionality to the equation. The value of G is 6.67259 x 10-11 N * m2 / kg2, although the value will change if other units are being used.m1 m1 The masses of the two particles (typically in kilograms)r The straight-line distance between the two particles (typically in meters) Interpreting the Equation This equation gives us the magnitude of the force, which is an attractive force and therefore always directed toward the other particle. As per Newtons Third Law of Motion, this force is always equal and opposite. Newtons Three Laws of Motion give us the tools to interpret the motion caused by the force and we see that the particle with less mass (which may or may not be the smaller particle, depending upon their densities) will accelerate more than the other particle. This is why light objects fall to the Earth considerably faster than the Earth falls toward them. Still, the force acting on the light object and the Earth is of identical magnitude, even though it doesnt look that way. It is also significant to note that the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. As objects get further apart, the force of gravity drops very quickly. At most distances, only objects with very high masses such as planets, stars, galaxies, and black holes have any significant gravity effects. Center of Gravity In an object composed of many particles, every particle interacts with every particle of the other object. Since we know that forces (including gravity) are vector quantities, we can view these forces as having components in the parallel and perpendicular directions of the two objects. In some objects, such as spheres of uniform density, the perpendicular components of force will cancel each other out, so we can treat the objects as if they were point particles, concerning ourselves with only the net force between them. The center of gravity of an object (which is generally identical to its center of mass) is useful in these situations. We view gravity and perform calculations as if the entire mass of the object were focused at the center of gravity. In simple shapes - spheres, circular disks, rectangular plates, cubes, etc. - this point is at the geometric center of the object. This idealized model of gravitational interaction can be applied in most practical applications, although in some more esoteric situations such as a non-uniform gravitational field, further care may be necessary for the sake of precision. Gravity Index Newtons Law of GravityGravitational FieldsGravitational Potential EnergyGravity, Quantum Physics, General Relativity Introduction to Gravitational Fields Sir Isaac Newtons law of universal gravitation (i.e. the law of gravity) can be restated  into  the form of a  gravitational field, which can prove to be a useful means of looking at the situation. Instead of calculating the forces between two objects every time, we instead say that an object with mass creates a gravitational field around it. The gravitational field is defined as the force of gravity at a given point divided by the mass of an object at that point. Both  g  and  Fg  have arrows above them, denoting their  vector nature. The source mass  M  is now capitalized. The  r  at the end of the rightmost two formulas has a carat (^) above it, which means that it is a  unit vector  in the direction from the source point of the mass  M. Since the vector points away from the source while the force (and field) are directed toward the source, a negative is introduced to make the vectors point in the correct direction. This equation depicts a  vector field  around  M  which is always directed toward it, with a value equal to an objects gravitational acceleration within the field. The units of the gravitational field are m/s2. Gravity Index Newtons Law of GravityGravitational FieldsGravitational Potential EnergyGravity, Quantum Physics, General Relativity When an object moves in a gravitational field,  work  must be done to get it from one place to another (starting point 1 to  endpoint  2). Using calculus, we take the integral of the force from the starting position to the end position. Since the gravitational constants and the masses remain constant, the integral turns out to be just the integral of 1 /  r2  multiplied by the constants. We define the gravitational potential energy,  U, such that  W  Ã‚  U1  -  U2. This yields the equation to the right, for the Earth (with mass  mE. In some other gravitational field,  mE  would be replaced with the appropriate mass, of course. Gravitational Potential Energy on Earth On the Earth, since we know the quantities involved, the gravitational potential energy  U  can be reduced to an equation in terms of the mass  m  of an object, the acceleration of gravity (g   9.8 m/s), and the distance  y  above the coordinate origin (generally the ground in a gravity problem). This simplified  equation  yields  gravitational potential energy  of: U  Ã‚  mgy There are some other details of applying  gravity on the Earth, but this is the relevant fact with regards to gravitational potential energy. Notice that if  r  gets bigger (an object goes higher), the gravitational potential energy increases (or becomes less negative). If the object moves lower, it gets closer to the Earth, so the gravitational potential energy decreases (becomes more negative). At an infinite difference, the gravitational potential energy goes to zero. In general, we really only care about the  difference  in the potential energy when an object moves in the gravitational field, so this negative value isnt a concern. This formula is applied in energy calculations within a gravitational field.  As a form of energy, gravitational potential energy is subject to  the law of conservation of energy. Gravity Index: Newtons Law of GravityGravitational FieldsGravitational Potential EnergyGravity, Quantum Physics, General Relativity Gravity   General Relativity When Newton presented his theory of gravity, he had no mechanism for how the force worked. Objects drew each other across giant gulfs of empty space, which seemed to go against everything that scientists would expect. It would be over two centuries before a theoretical framework would adequately explain  why  Newtons theory actually worked. In his  Theory of General Relativity,  Albert Einstein  explained gravitation as the curvature of spacetime around any mass. Objects with greater mass caused greater curvature, and thus exhibited greater gravitational pull. This has been supported by research that has shown light actually curves around massive objects such as the sun, which would be predicted by the theory since space itself curves at that point and light will follow the simplest path through space. Theres greater detail to the theory, but thats the major point. Quantum Gravity Current efforts in  quantum physics  are attempting to unify all of the  fundamental forces of physics  into one unified force which manifests in different ways. So far, gravity is proving the greatest hurdle to incorporate into the unified theory. Such a  theory of quantum gravity would finally  unify  general relativity with quantum  mechanics into a single, seamless and elegant view that all of  nature  functions under one fundamental type of particle interaction. In the field of  quantum gravity, it is theorized that there exists a  virtual particle  called a  graviton  that mediates the gravitational  force because that is how the other three fundamental forces operate (or one force, since they have been, essentially, unified together already). The graviton has not, however, been experimentally observed. Applications of Gravity This article has addressed the fundamental principles of gravity. Incorporating gravity into kinematics and mechanics calculations is pretty easy, once you understand how to interpret  gravity on the surface of the Earth. Newtons major goal was to explain planetary motion. As mentioned earlier,  Johannes Kepler  had devised three laws of  planetary motion  without the use of Newtons law of gravity. They are, it turns out, fully consistent and one can prove all of Keplers Laws by applying Newtons theory of universal gravitation.

Business Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Business Plan - Term Paper Example The salad bar would be offering over 50 ingredients for salad and a choice of more than 18 dressing to go with them. The customers would be allowed to choose every ingredient of the product. Apart from this beverages and toast would be also available. It would be better to opt for Salad Bar then simple restaurants because there are many competitors in the restaurant segment, whereas good salad bars are few. Moreover, customers have been more health conscious nowadays and are opting for healthy food in times of hungry. So salad bar would be their obvious choice. Mission Statement and Objectives. The mission statement of Salad Station would be â€Å"To Offer Healthy, Tasty and Quick Serve Salad to Customers at Reasonable Price.† In order to attain this mission, the salad bar would have to fulfill certain objectives, such as offer absolutely fresh ingredients, and tasty dressings, the price should be competitive, the customer service and ambience should be effective, and excellent. The location chosen for the business is mainly London Ontario. The salad bar would be opened in a plaza building in Masonville area, which is on the north of London Ontario. The site expenses would be including the rental, and maintenance fees. Since the salad bar would be one of its kinds in London Ontario area, so the potential of attracting customers would be immense. Apart from this, the competitors are also few for example, Subway, so through proper planning and well-integrated strategy customers can be acquired and Salad Station can acquire market share efficiently. Salad Station would be offering tailor made products, and it would also offer a fixed menu, with each item having an amusing name so as to brand them among customers. It would be operating under the company name of Salad Station Inc. In order to develop a strategic framework for the business, the ingredients of product and

Analyze Oath of the Horatii Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyze Oath of the Horatii - Essay Example Their mothers and sisters are fearful for the warrior’s lives as depicted at the bottom right of the painting. The legend depicts one of the Horatii sisters to be engaged to one of the Curatii brothers. During the contest, two of the Horatii brothers were instantly killed, but Publius feigned flight and managed to kill his wounded pursuers piecemeal. The sister wept with sorrow, upon hearing that her brother Publius had killed her lover. Seeing her tears, Publius the surviving Horatius brother was horrified that she was cursing Rome, stabbed his sister calling upon death on any Roman woman who mourned the enemy (Livy, 1978). The painting by David depicts heroism. In this case, the painting  shows the three sons as they give the salute and  swear to protect their city.  In line with this, the French government used the painting as a means of pre-French revolution propaganda, to promote a sense of nationalism. The main aim of the government was to bring its citizens together  and build loyalty for their country. Hence, Jacques-Louis David created the painting in order to inspire feelings of heroism and loyalty within the French people. The Horatius brothers are risking their lives in order to protect their city of Rome, despite the woeful and sorrowful faces of the women. David attempts to give his people a sense of sacrifice.  Through his painting,  the Oath of the Horatii is aimed at promoting loyalty and sacrifice for the country eventually leading to the rise of outstanding heroes during the French Revolution. Hence, the painting required the French to take arms and swear to protect their country as the brothers did in the painting (â€Å"The Oath of the Horatii,† 2011). Jacques-Louis David presented the first work of art in a new style called the rococo style. The painting has a broad and basic composition, with the full-scale figures

Health Promotion Care: An analysis

Health Promotion Care: An analysis Health Promotion Care Module 2 Discussion Question Health promotion refers to the process of providing health care services to the public for increasing their awareness towards health education. Health promotion policy focuses on the prevention of health care problems in non-health care sectors and renders different ways to remove them. The health promotion techniques are based on different principles. The principles are: fundamental requirements of health, quality of life, fairness in health, building healthy policies for public health care, societal health care, educating for health improvement, making better life skills and effective community actions. The main aim of health care sector is to provide clinical and curative services to the communities for living healthy life (Marmot, 1996). Discussion and Analysis In Australia, there is a large population of aboriginal people and it is a colonized country. The government of Australia has implemented various health care policies for the improvement of health of people. But, the health of people does not improve with the divestment of health care promotion services. The aim of the government should be focused on continuously improving the health of the people, it should not be affected by the rational economic thought and health resource allocation. With the increasing expenditures in the health facilities, the public government is curbing many health care activities which in turn results in increasing malnutrition problems among the people. This can further result in increasing the death rate in the country and it will suffer from potential loss of people which can affect the productivity and growth of the country (Marmot, 1996). The government authorities should focus on improving the mental and physical health of the people. It should plan the health budget in such a way that gives maximum output with minimum expenditure but should not reduce the health care facilities for people. Government should appoint psychologists for understanding the mental state of the people. It should also pay attention towards health care facilities for children. It should introduce special child development programs and should have child care providers that increase immunization rates and create healthy child care environment (Louise Parker, 2008). The resource allocation for health care programs should be according to the health care requirements and also after a detailed cost benefit analysis. The government should have a strategic planning for introducing such health system programs. It is the responsibility of the government authorities to take care of public health and introduce plans and policies for their growth and development. There should be special health promotion plans for the deprived or disadvantaged people. Health promotion programs have reduced deaths due to circulatory diseases, unintentional accidents injuries, infectious diseases, and poisonings due to cancers. Australia is known for its health promotion programs and policies, so the government authorities should maintain the standards and continue such programs by maintaining a balance between the expenditure and benefits rather than divesting from the principles of health promotion. The programs should be well planned and implemented to avoid health promotion failures. The health promotion program should aim at healthy lifestyle with an evidence based wellness system. Government should introduce open information health program along with family centered health promotion plans (Louise Parker, 2008). Conclusion Thus, the concerned authorities should introduce health promotion programs which aim at the equal development of all the people and provide health facilities to children, adults as well as old people. It should also aim at multicultural health promotion programs to reduce cultural imbalances and inequalities and satisfy all people equally (Magnusson, 2008). References Marmot,M.(1996). The socialpattern of health and disease in blame. Health and social Organisation, London: Routledge, 42-70. Magnusson,R. (2008). Prevention is a good thing. Australia and New Zealand Health Policy. Sydney Law School Legal Studies Research Paper, 08 (57), 1. Louise, M Parker, E. (2008). Health Promotion: Principles and Practice in the Australian Context (2nd edition). Australia: Allen Unwin Publishers.

Narrative Essay

Narrative essay Cooking with my mother Some of my fondest childhood memories have been shared cooking with my mother in our small kitchen. Coming from a big family it was always important that there was enough food and food that everybody liked. My mother knew every ones favorite dishes and things that we didn’t like. She is an amazing cook and always had me help especially with holiday dinners one in particular always sticks out in my flood of memories. It was thanksgiving and I was eleven my mother woke me up at seven in the morning and told me I had to help her cook. She never did this before I used to wake up later and maybe cut a few carrots and celery for the stuffing she would make on the stove this was different. I complained like a bratty preteen and asked why I was waking up and she told me that I had to learn to cook one day and why not on thanksgiving. Forcing my self down the staircase into the kitchen and sitting on one of the many stools surrounding the island. She pulled out the twenty-eight pound turkey and rinsed it off and pulled all the giblets out. I remember trying not to grimace because my mother was one to tease you about those types of things. I started cutting up the carrots and celery while my mom got the breadcrumbs and cranberries. I’d occasionally ask why don’t you measure anything and it was always the same answer â€Å"because I know by eyeballing it†. Next she had me stuff this bread crumby mush into the turkey. Then Covered him in butter, salt, and lemon pepper and it was ready to go into the oven. She smiled and said I did a great job. The rest of the stuff was easy squash, potatoes, corn, and green beans. That day I found a new respect for my mom and cooking. She always made every ones plate knowing the portions and dishes we all would want. Now I always help her with the cooking for every occasion and have even tweaked some of he recipes to put my own spin on them. I cant wait for the day that I make my mother a whole dinner and amaze her like she has amazed me through the years.

Analysis Of The Movie Rampart - 948 Words

The movie, Rampart, which is set in Los Angeles in 1999 and focused on the life of 24 year veteran Officer Dave Brown of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) as a part of the Rampart division. He is a man of his own breed who follows his own code of justice disregarding the solid line that stands between right and wrong. Brown is prone to using violence and intimidation to maintain his own idea that he is the unnoticed, underappreciated vigilante for the public. Although he has a hero complex, he does not seem to form intimate emotional connections, even though he was married to two women (both of which are sisters) and has a daughter by each woman. Neither of the women seemed to feel any emotional connection to Brown seeing as they all live together for the sake of the children, regardless of the obvious fact that his children do not seem to have a strong bond with him either. Years earlier Brown was involved in the death of a suspected serial rapist, which put the police depart ment under stress as well as earned him the nickname â€Å"Date Rape Dave†. To further the spotlight on the LAPD and Officer Brown, a video was aired on the local television stations of Brown unnecessarily beating an individual who crashed into the back of his police vehicle. An assistant DA pressures and urges Brown to retire to try and prevent the police department from undergoing more fire and speculation from the public. The actions of Brown thrusts a tear in the relationship between theShow MoreRelated Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur and Monty Python and the Holy Grail2221 Words   |  9 Pagesserious analysis of Monty Python’s parody of the female seduction motif in what may be the most memorable and hilarious episode of the film. Much of the humor in Monty Python and the Holy Grail derives from the pure absurdity of its characters and situations. King Arthur roams the British countryside on an imaginary horse, evil enemies can only be appeased with offerings of shrubbery, and the knights of the Round Table battle a bloodthirsty killer bunny, to cite just a few examples. The movie containsRead MoreMadoff Scandal1822 Words   |  8 PagesThe Madoff Scandal: 50 billion questions and few answers Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Description of Events †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Analysis of Scenario †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Questions about Madoff †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Solutions and Alternatives †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Abstract Bernie Madoff ran the biggest in the history of the world. The detailsRead MoreEthical Issues In Darwin S Nightmare5804 Words   |  24 Pagesethical issues and dilemmas. In this case, the locals are not able to enjoy the fishing harvest of their own lakes, they have to make do with maggot filled festering carcasses, cesspits of germs and bacteria cooked in unsanitary conditions. Diarrhea is rampart and there is even a lady that has lost her eye due to infection caused by consumption of bacteria-laden fish. On the other hand, clean white coats and stainless steel tables dominate the factory where the prime fillets are processed and subsequentlyRead MoreStarbucks Corporation12076 Words   |  49 Pagessigned off on the deal. Opposition came only when city council was about to approve [our application]. The opposition claimed that our entry would raise rents in the community. So we went back to city council to argue our case. But activists brought in movie stars and got local and national media attention. 33 Edward McMahon, quoted in â€Å"Brewing a Tempest In a Coffee Cup,† Christian Science Monitor, February 25, 1998. This desire for protection dates back to 1841 when the residents actively campaigned

How Political Leaders Create Real Change - 1911 Words

How do political leaders create real change in today s political climate? Equally as important how can political leaders enact solutions in today s hyper political world where constructive debate and solutions are so hard to achieve? Is there such a leader who can navigate the polarizing political lands of current day america, and be an effective leader? In Freshman Congressman Scott Taylor of Virginia s second district, we may have elected champion who can be the light in a dark room and who can be the clear voice in a room full of chaos. I sat down with Congressman Taylor to talk about the many complexities of these challenging questions. Congressman Taylor is seen as many to be a bright young rising star in the Republican party†¦show more content†¦In Congress I believe I am an extension of the people, I am not better than you, and you are not better than I. This approach shows my leadership to be an extension of Virginia s second district, and it is my job to bust my bu tt, to protect, fight, and make the right decisions for my constituents.† After getting the congressman definition of leadership I wanted to ask what are some of the issues that his district has shown interest in and how did they voice their concerns?. He proceeded to answer, â€Å"we get input on all type of issues from all types of constituents, my team is hundreds of calls daily from constituents voicing their opinion and concerns. Much of the contact between constituents of the second district and my team are the typical national issues that most people know about; Russia interference, supreme court judges, the American Health Care Act, the VA, etc. But there is also many calls concerning constituent service and situations where my office can help solve indi fucal problems that constituents are facing. Through polls, social media interaction, person to person contact, townhalls, phone calls, events, etc. constituents voice these concerns, and my team is working their butts off to answer every single constituentsShow MoreRelatedA Small Pond And A Big Pond799 Words   |  4 Pageswhere you can escape from the pond and reach the glory. Could we change that spot where life place us? Could the fish escape from the pond? Being born in Santo Domingo put me for many years as the â€Å"Big fish in the Small Pond† Since I was a kid, one of my passions have been to write, at the age of 7 I sent an article to a Children’s magazine in Santo Domingo called â€Å"Al Compas† sharing my point of views in my article I was trying to create the consciousness about contamination and discriminations aboutRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1518 Words   |  7 Pagesand living conditions the immigrants were experiencing. Two political organizations of this era sought to fix this problem with two contrasting methods. The Progressive Reformers were a political organization that sought out to set permanent fixes to these conditions and make it possible for the immigrants to be self-sustaining. On the other hand, the political machines, more specifically Tammany Hall of Manhattan, sought to make changes by directly helping the immigrants but not without them havingRead MoreThomas Hobbes And Nicholas M achiavelli Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesMachiavelli embarked on the journey to create. Although depicted as nasty realists, closer reading into Machiavelli and Hobbes reveal the aspirations of idealists. Idealists who dared to imagine a different world, a world wherein man is not depraved and fallen — but is rather able to create. In effect, these idealist exalted man’s abilities rather than man’s depravity and banishment from the garden of eden. 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Nevertheless, once you are established and have the ability to live freely without having to worry about a paycheck, then I believe teachings should mainly focus on taking the self-established individuals and begin developing their political and social ideas. By Focusing on economic then social development, there is more opportunityRead MoreAnalysis Of Carly Fiorina s The Presidential Election Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2016 presidential election signified only the second election of my short voting career. I understood this unconventional election spark ed extreme emotions from major political pop culture figures and required new campaign strategies. As a young adult trying to form my own political opinion, the election atmosphere made it challenging to uncover unbiased information about the candidates. 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Pfeffer notes that power and influence can be acquired and exercised forRead More2015 Flight Sneakers : The United States Of America, Asia, Europe, And Oceania1482 Words   |  6 Pagesthe welfare on of it. This allows them to work as a real team. According to this, Doctor Pittenge r (2015) suggest that: â€Å"Leadership must also have its mission and vision. This way, there will have the real abilities to lead and to work on the weakness of a company. Leaders should work together with employees throughout the organization to build a strategy and goals that fulfill living the mission and achieving the vision. The leader needs to create and nurture a culture that supports communication

Ethical Dilemmas Of The Workplace - 880 Words

There are many ethical dilemmas one can face while in a workplace. Some are easy to handle, while others do not have a quick solution. There are also many different interactions that can take place. Ethical dilemmas involving a request from a boss have proven to be difficult situations to handle. In the workplace, it is vital to have a strong relationship with a boss. This is what makes an unethical request from a boss such a hard situation to be put in. One wouldn’t want to sacrifice the relationship they have with their boss. At the same time however, it is an even stronger battle to fight one’s morals and what they believe to be ethical. In this discussion I will breakdown my strategy of getting out of this specific type of ethical dilemma: my boss will allow me to submit inflated expense reports in order to pocket the extra cash as well-deserved compensation for my contributions. The most important thing when presented with an unethical situation is to buy some time in order to evaluate the situation thoroughly. Situations like this are delicate, so it is important to treat it as such and take some time to determine the best plan of action. Additionally, if pressured to respond in the heat of the moment, one might become unsatisfied with their answer. Either they will agree to the request against their better judgment, or they will falter their way through a timid and uncertain refusal that could be interpreted as offensive (Boogaard). In our hypothetical face-to-faceShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas in Workplace1634 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Dilemmas in Workplace Personal values may conflict with ethical decision making if those personal values are different than the organizational norms of the business or institution. Constructing, and maintaining personal ethics in the workplace rests with the individual, and how willing he or she is in assimilating to the evolving cultural dynamic of the corporate world. Many times a person find their personal, cultural and/or organizational ethics conflicting and must reconcile a course ofRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreWorkplace Ethical Dilemmas931 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Ethical Dilemmas Workplace Ethical Dilemmas Ethical dilemmas are what happen when a person is faced with a decision that may press against their personal values or beliefs. At one of my previous jobs, there was a problem with employees conducting their personal business, errands, or hobbies all while on the company’s time. There were many times that people were caught shopping on company computers, playing games or accessing social networking sites, checking personal email accountsRead MoreEthical Dilemma Of The Workplace1213 Words   |  5 PagesLodino, Luiz Sekerka, Leslie Ethical Dilemma A. Identify and summarize key problem(s)/ issue(s): First and foremost Steve, did not consider his job as the best job ever, however he got away with such feeling once he started to create some affinity along his co-workers. 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Employees must feel as though they are being supported and not punished, and should not feel as though they were being put on display; their dignity should always remain intact. This paper examines how, as a high school principle, I would address the issue of one of the high schoolRead MoreWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Paper1064 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Paper BSHS / 322 Marcia Winter Introduction Weve all heard the golden rules: In today’s society it is hard to find a good paying job. When one finds a good paying job, that person needs to do whatever he or she can do to keep that job. Ethics can be a problem in a workplace if someone is asked to do something that they do not feel is right. â€Å"Ethics are about making choices that may not always feel good or seem like they benefit you but are the right choices toRead MoreWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pages+ Workplace Ethical Dilemma Tanya W. Cooper BSHS/332 Professional, Ethical and Legal Issues in Human Services April 16, 2012 Kathleen Roberts Everyday individuals are faced with issues associated with ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas involve an individual’s behavior toward a moral standard, which may have been established from previous generations and passed along. In upholding the standards taught individual may be forced to take a particular action involving a decision when a behaviorRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of which

Individual Diff and diversity Free Essays

Describe some beliefs that are commonly held about leaders, managers and/or other professions Over the period of observations, experience, reading we believe some common features of different characters in our life. These observations might be situational or might depend on socio economic structure and values of an Individual. These beliefs might be different for different persons. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Diff and diversity or any similar topic only for you Order Now But for a certain professions there are some common beliefs for some specific characters. For example common people always believe that a manager/leader will be very responsible, smart, strict what one normally experience In books, cinemas or personally over a period of time while grew up. Same message Susan Cain tried to explain about Introverts. Introverts are believed to be very shy and not fit to be leaders/managers. But the study shows the opposite about the Introverts. These beliefs are different for different professions. It might be different In some socio-economic structure than other. Obsessions we expect the behavior of the profession to behave accordingly the Idea,’ perception we have in our mind. For example when we think about a doctor first we think about their help and dedication to save our life and we expect to behave/ perform the doctor accordingly. As a human when these professions behave per our expectation, the perception about those characters will be good to us and we start liking those characters. It’s totally different to us when th ese characters don’t fulfill one’s expectation. How do these beliefs help or hinder our ability to lead effectively? As a leader sometimes the perception/expectation helps to manage the subordinates immensely. It helps the leader to love, listen, depend, and rely on these subordinates which will definitely increase the productivity of the team. At the same time wrong perception or evaluating the expectations wrongly create issues between the leaders and the subordinates and hence the productivity of the team. How to cite Individual Diff and diversity, Papers

Cyber Revolution free essay sample

The Cybernetic Revolution and the Crisis of Capitalism By Jerry Harris and Carl Davidson The Chicago Third Wave Study Group In the early 1970s U. S. capitalism began to suffer a deepening crisis of accumulation. This crisis sprang from the very heart of the modern industrial system, arising out of fundamental contradictions in its exploitation of labor and its conditions of production. But this crisis also occurred along side a postmodern revolution in microelectronics and computer technologies, creating significant changes in the forms of accumulation and wealth creation. uspto assignment help desk The two dynamics have created a new historic juncture for rethinking established theories of political and social change. Marxist economists such as Paul Sweezy have long tracked the cris is of accumulation. Recently key extensions have been added by eco-Marxist James OConnor. But radicals also need to take note of the important contributions of Alvin and Heidi Toffler and their three waves theory. The Tofflers describe agricultural society as the first wave and industrial society as the second wave. They have added new insights into the nature of changes in the economic base where knowledge has become the most important tool of production. This became possible because of the revolution in the means of production, or information technologies. Toffler calls this information society the third wave, or what well call information capitalism. For about 200 years second-wave industrial capitalism was generally expanding and dynamic. Although punctuated by cycles of economic crisis, it grew into imperialism and built a world market. In the metropolitan countries, the circle of wealth grew wider, as a substantial number of workers organized unions and attained middle class living standards. But in the early 1970s industrial capitalism hit new limitations to its growth. The crisis was all sided, including both labor and nature. In a frantic race to maintain profits, the system began to toss huge numbers of people into the wastelands of unemployme nt and insecurity. In itself this is nothing new. Capitalism has always contained the contradiction between expanding profits and lowering the cost of labor. Each business is driven to maximize its accumulation of capital in order to survive and grow on a field of ruthless competition. In order to do so, the pressure to reduce wages and benefits is constant. But this time, the downturn was not followed cyclically by a boom or recovery that could be measured in higher wages or new job creation for those who had endured the bust period. POST WAR EXPANSION While every periodic crisis has roots internal to the nature of capitalism, each crisis also has an historic context. At the end of WWII a number of factors came together, which gave renewed life to capitalism, particularly in America. There were four basic factors that gave rise to a tremendous expansion of the U. S. economy and industrial base: †¢ First and most important was a period of vastly reduced competition from foreign rivals. The post-1945 world was Americas market because the industries of Europe and Japan had been destroyed by the war. In such circumstances U. S. capitalism quickly grew with an expanded job base. The second factor was a tremendous demand for both consumer goods and basic industrial equipment and plants. There was a 15-year pent- up demand for homes, cars, refrigerators, and much more as a result of the depression and war. The organization of basic industry by the CIO leads to a large-scale post war labor offensive which won significant gains in wages and benefits. This set the social conditions for accumulation, laying the foundation for the post-war boom, the creation of the suburbs and the growth of the blue collar middle class. Third, alongside the demand for consumer goods, went the intensified demand for capital goodsthe need for new factories and heavy equipment, not only in America but also throughout Europe and Japan. This meant further expansion and the profitability that allowed the liberal social contract with key sectors of unionized labor. Fourth and last was the development of new technologies, which produced large-scale industries and jobs. Jet airplanes, electronics, and the chemical industries surged forward with resulting spin-off economic activity spreading throughout society. †¢ †¢ †¢ These strengths also increased the power of international financial institutions. The Breton Woods agreement set the gold standard to the U. S. dollar, which then became the sole international currency. And the International Monetary Fund and World Bank were established as arms of U. S. finance capital. A vital part of this growth was the states expanded role in reproducing the conditions of production. O’Connor defines this as the second contradiction of capitalism. He describes it as everything is treated as if it is a commodity even though it is not produced as a commodity with the law of value, or law of markets. (The Second Contradiction of Capitalism: Causes and Consequences, page 1) This includes land and nature, urban space and labor power itself in the form of the next generation of workers. It became the states role to assume the cost and regulation of these conditions through policies on education, health care, welfare, transport, zoning, water, air, forest and many other examples. The Great Depression made this possible when the New Deal redefined the role of the state as an important and direct economic player. To help save capitalism from its own cyclical crises of overprotection, the state began to regulate more and more aspects of the market, and assume greater cost in maintaining the economy. This was particularly important in the postwar recovery period. All these factors gave new life to industrial capitalism, and the ensuing economic boom lasted about 25 years. But the underlying contradiction of overprotection reasserted itself. Living standards could not keep pace with production. The tensions between wages and profits emerged in full force creating permanent economic stagnation. Alongside this first contradiction is the secondincreasing the scope of reproduction while decreasing the ability of society to bear the cost. Industrial capitalism needs to grow. Not only is it pushed on by its need to accumulate; its nature is that of an expanding mass society. Mass production, mass markets, and mass consumption are all part of industrial civilization. It therefore needs more space, more materials, more energy, and more labor. It needs to expand its use of the conditions of production, and externalize their cost. This not only led to the crisis in nature, but also in our cities and infrastructure. STRUCTURAL CRISIS OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM This crisis began with the reintroduction of fierce competition from Europe and Japan. Nixon was forced to recognize this when he ended the Breton Woods agreement in 1971 and the dollar had to compete with other currencies. By 1973 U. S. profitability had fallen to 9. 5% compared to 16. 5% in 1952. (N. Y. Times, March 28, 1983). This renewed competition meant the liberal social contract between labor and capital was at an end. American living standards peaked in 1973, and have been on a steady decline every since. In what was now a more competitive world, the struggle for accumulation become fiercer, driving down the wages and benefits of workers. This crisis hit full force in the 1980s when unions were forced into contract concessions resulting in billions of dollars in givebacks throughout the economy. While this helped profits, it meant less money for consumption. The results have been staggering. U. S. income has dropped from number one in the world to number ten. Real weekly earnings are 19% below 1973 levels, while the median income of families headed by those under the age of 30 has fallen 32%. Over 20% of our children live in poverty. Since 1988 the average net worth of American households has fallen 12%, or about $5,000 per family. These figures also expose the racist nature of the U. S. economy: median white households are worth $44,408; Latino households $5,345; and Black households $4,604. (Chicago Tribune, January 1994). Its no wonder that American factories are shutting down, they simply cant sell to a population making less real income than the generation before it. Capital flight has been a major tool to reassert profitability. The continuing pressure to lower wages and other costs has meant shutdowns and layoffs here combined with greater penetration into the Third World. Corporations make use of a global labor market where wages often average $4 a day. Why pay Detroit autoworkers $12 an hour, when Ford can pay 75 cents an hour in Jalisco, Mexico? NAFTA is only the latest result of this trend. These drastic drops in working-class income were also accompanied by the large Reagan cuts in welfare and urban spending. Just as corporations attacked workers to lower the cost of their first contradiction, the state cut spending to lower cost in the second contradiction. As individual capitalists externalized or dumped more of their potential costs, such as pollution, on the public, they also weakened the overall health of capitalist society. Government debt, the tax crisis, urban decay and violence are all reflections of the crisis in the conditions of production. As profits become weaker in the private sector, the corporations attack the wage structure and force the state to assume more of their costs. In turn the state finds itself deeper in debt and crisis, and must cut costs by attacking its social programs, selling off its forests, letting the infrastructure decay, etc. OConnor sums it up well in his essay Socialism and Ecology: The vitality of Western capitalism since World War II has been based on the massive externalization of social and ecological costs of production. Since the slowdown of world economic growth in the mid-1970s the concerns of both socialism and ecology have become more pressing than ever before in history. The accumulation of global capital through the modern crisis has produced even more devastating effects not only on wealth and income distribution, norms of social justice, and treatment of minorities, but also on nature or the environment. Socially the crisis has lead to more wrenching poverty and violence, rising misery in all parts of the world, especially the South, and, environmentally, to toxicification of whole regions, the production of drought, the thinning of the ozone layer, the greenhouse effect, and the withering away of rain forests and wildlife. Industrial capitalism, structured to build and feed a mass market, has thus reached new limits of growth. On one hand, it must maintain its profitability and increase its accumulation. On the other hand, it can no longer afford the unrestricted expansion of mass consumption, especially its externalities. The new limits are both economic and ecological. Thus the present structural crisis is all sided and deep. THE CRISIS AND INFORMATION CAPITALISM Coinciding with the crisis of accumulation, however, was a revolutionary development in the means of production. Advances in computer, microelectronics and telecommunications technologies have brought major changes to th e basic character of industrial capitalism. The application of knowledge is now the primary means of new value production. Of course, all labor has always contained two partsthe knowledge of how to produce something and the physical effort necessary to make it. In first wave society, physical labor encompassed the vast majority of work, whether it took the form of growing corn, weaving wool or maintaining feudal manors. In second-wave industrial society, however, machine technology and manufacturing increased productivity by a factor of 100. The knowledge of building a lathe or steam engine reduced the proportion of input of physical labor. But still the factory system relied mainly on physical labor and large scale material assets and inputs to produce value. But in third wave societies, the application of microelectronics technology has already increased computer productivity by one million. Intellectual capital, developed and held by knowledge workers and encoded in software and smart machines, is the key element of wealth in todays information capitalism. Physical labor and industrial machinery are now secondary to the value added by information. This has had a dramatic impacted on both finance and manufacturing, as is allowing capitalism to develop along new lines. The application of new information technology has meant that industry can produce more with fewer resources, less energy and less labor. Plastics have replaced metals, fiber has replaced copper, and chips are made of sand and clay. In fact computer technology consists almost entirely of intellectual capital, with raw materials costing only 1% and unskilled labor 5%. By 1988 the U. S. required only 40% of its blue-collar labor force to produce the amount of manufactured goods equal to that produced in 1977. From 1967 to 1988, weight per dollar value had fallen by 43%. By 1985 Japan had increased its output two and half times with just the same consumption of raw materials and energy as in 1965. Cars used to contain 1600 pounds of steel; much of that weight is now replaced with plastics. Thus the application of intellectual capitalin this case in the form of design has meant the drastic reduction of both physical capital and the labor force. But the restructuring goes even further. Because the speed of processing information has increased, on-time warehousing, niche marketing, and the elimination of middle management have become possible. Second wave Industrial society produced mass products in huge factories with a giant labor force. This necessitated a huge number of middle managers to count production, oversee workers and move information along the command hierarchy. Now the rapid acquisition and deployment of information is the primary goal of management and corporations have restructured to insure its movement. With expanded information technology and cuts in employees, middle managers are a disappearing breed. Timely informationwhich has led to shorter product runs, lower supplies, and niche marketing-also means rapid change and innovation. In essence the creative destruction of capital has been speeded-up. Its reflection in the labor force means more part-timers and more temporary workers. The most rapidly growing job category is contingent labor, forming 60% of all new jobs in 1993. This has increased the downward pressure on wages further. Even during the jobless economic recovery of 1993, while profits made a healthy recovery, the median hourly wages for males fell another 2. 7%, New technologies, corporate flight, and wage cutbacks have laid the basis for renewed accumulation, even in manufacturing. But this restructuring has increased poverty and class contradictions throughout society. The urban crisis, greater economic insecurity and political instability are spreading in ever widening circles. Like Catch 22, the system resolves one crisis only to create another with similar features. THIRD WAVE FINANCE CAPITAL The impact of information technologies on finance capital has been as dramatic as its effects on manufacturing. Telecommunications have established a global electronic marketplace, which functions in real time. The most important change has been a tremendous increase in unregulated, highly mobile speculative capital. This global infrastructure with geosynchronous satellites was created just as industrial capitalism was facing its crisis of accumulation. This allowed information finance capital to create a huge pool of wealth without creating anything for social use or consumption. While industrial capital had reached its limits of growth, speculative capital used the new technologies to expand and attract trillions of new dollars. In fact, the world trade in currency is 40 to 50 times larger than the world trade in goods. Worldwide the money market accounts for $500 billion a day, two trillion a year just from New York firms. Third wave technologies have thus been used to develop a global bourgeoisie. While finance capital has been dominant since the advent of imperialism, the national formation of this capital is now less meaningful. While still seeking to dominate its own state, today information finance capital, independently constituted with multinational currency, seeks autonomy above and beyond the restriction or regulation of any state, anywhere. Walter Wriston, past chairman of Citicorp and spokesman for information capital, has articulated this view in his book The Twilight of Sovereignty. He notes that today no currency is tied to physical commodities or any central bank, but instead is comprised as information on the global telecommunications infrastructure. He elaborates: Money is asserting its control over (government), disciplining irresponsible policies and taking away free lunches everywhere (page 66). International traders take a vote on the soundness of each countrys fiscal and monetary policies (page 67) and this giant vote-counting machine conducts a running tally on what the world thinks of a governments diplomatic, fiscal and monetary policies and this opinion is immediately reflected in the value the market places on a countrys currency. (page 9). Wriston clearly thinks this is a revolutionary development in freedom and democracy for this class. He goes on to state that capital goes where it is wanted and stays where it is treated well (page 61), noting that the ability to move capital is fundamental to the continuous efforts of mankind to live a better life. (page 72) This is free market ideology taken to is fullest and most abstract development The unhindered movement of money becomes the highest form of freedom, and the ability of global financiers to decide the fate of governments and countries the fullest expression of democracyall made possible by the electronic infrastructure and those with the access and knowledge to use it. In this sense one could argue that Ronald Reagan was our first third wave president. Reagans policies clearly favored the rapid development of speculative capital. His appointment of Paul Volker at the Federal Reserve lead to increased interest rates helping to move capital out of manufacturing and into the new global financial infrastructure. These policies helped create 20% profits in finance markets, while pushing manufacturing profits down to 10%. This sped the rush to deindustrialization as money fled to the market of highest returns. Reagans unconcern for Americas trade deficit, and his insistence on deregulation of the market is better understood as an early variant of third wave financial strategy. Information capitalism has also used third wave technologies to internationalize production even further. Transnational corporations have created global manufacturing and marketing alliances where the trade in products is now replaced by va lue added activities. A product may easily have a dozen parts built in different countries through an alliance of interlocking global corporations. Wriston calls a national trade balance an artifact of a bygone age. (page 87) As he shows: The popular IBM PS/2 Model 30-286 contains a microprocessor from Malaysia, oscillators from either France or Singapore; disk controller logic array, diskette controller, ROM and video graphics array from Japan; VLSO circuits and video digital-to-analog converter from Korea; and Dram from Singapore, Japan, or Korea and all this is put together in Florida Since there are thousands of such products put together in similar ways, the old concept of trading one item for another is obsolete. (page 81) Wriston maintains that the driving force behind the growing interlock of transnational is the need to access intellectual capital. BLADERUNNER vs ECOTOPIA Third wave capitalists are already divided between two wings. Both agree that education and the expansion of knowledge is the key to a strong and competitive society. An information capitalist like Wriston even describes knowledge workers as the new bo urgeoisie, noting that If Marx were alive he would call education the means of production. (page 108). One wing, however, carries over the maximize-profit- in-the-short-run values of the second wave, and applies them to both electronic and traditional forms of capital. While unabashedly seizing every public subsidy it can for itself, it takes an anti- government , free market stance generally. They are fond of quoting Milton Friedman, who emphasizes that the technological revolution makes it possible to produce a product anywhere, using resources from anywhere, by a company located anywhere, to be sold anywhere. (Fortune 3-8-93) It vision is of an unrestrained and unfettered capital, free to roam the globe at will and exploit an ever changing sea of opportunity, all made possible by the instantaneous flow of information. The other wing emphasizes creating of new value on a sustainable basis over the unrestrained making of money. It sees itself as information capitalism with a socially responsible human face, with an eye on making its fortunes in the green industries of the future. Its current main political representative is Vice President Al Gore, who writes on ecologically sound economics and calls for universal access to the electronic infrastructure. On the business side, elder management guru Peter Drucker defines America as a post-capitalist society where the main social challenge is to preserve the income and dignity of service workers who lack the ability to become knowledge workers and to prevent class conflict. (CSM, August 26, 93). Part of their view is to see a constructive role for an activist government that promotes the dynamism of the market while trying to restrain its ecological and social destructiveness. THIRD WAVE AND THIRD WORLD Both the crisis and new technologies have meant deeper penetration into Third World economies. Cheap labor and new markets are seen as solutions for the accumulation crisis. Information technologies have built a global workshop complete with a global labor force where, as Wriston and Friedman have pointed out, capital goes where it wants to build anything it desires. In fact, between 1980 and 1990, foreign investment by the worlds biggest corporations grew from $560 billion to $1. 6 trillion. U. S. News World Report, Jan. 24, 1994). The effects on the Third World have been tremendous. First, we can now see many newly industrializing countries accelerating their transition from rural first wave societies into the second wave. This has meant a new division within the Third World between countries still mainly with agricultural economies, and those with an urban industrial base. Some Third World Marxists like Samir Amin now use the term Fourth World to denote these poor, first wave agricultural societies. Second, the transition to second wave industrialism is often creating ecological havoc, just as it did in the northern hemisphere in the last century. But today, the capitalism of the North also uses the South as a dumping ground for exporting the ecological costs of its second contradiction. One of the starkest pieces of evidence of this was an internal memo written by the World Banks chief economist, Lawrence Summers. He stated: I think the economic logic behind dumping a load of toxic waste in the lowest wage country is impeccable ecause foregone earnings from increased morbidity are low. He adds that the under populated countries in Africa are vastly under polluted; their air quality is probably vastly inefficiently low compared to Los Angeles. (The Economist, Feb. 8, 1992). These rather cold-blooded economic calculations expose a global system of ecological destruction where national borders are viewed only as a footnote to the capitalist market. Finally, within some rapidly d eveloping third world countries, a small but dynamic third wave sector is developing simultaneously with the second wave. India, for instance, has a growing pool of talentedand relatively inexpensivecomputer programmers ready to work for any employer reachable by modem or Federal Express. The second wave changes are most obvious. Among the top 20 manufacturing exporters in the world are Hong Kong, South Korea, Brazil, and Singapore. Countries like Mexico, Argentina, South Africa, and Iraq have decisively entered the industrial era. Others like China and India still have a majority of the population tied to the land, but have developed advanced zones in their huge urban centers. These changes are causing tremendous social upheavals and stress as class structures are transformed. Not only is finance capital highly mobile, but also industrial capital. This capacity to rapidly shift production has provided continual escape from unionization, where subcontractors establish sweatshops in newly industrialized rural areas.. It has also brought millions of women into the Third World workforce in the most low-paid and insecure jobs. The growth of temporary and contingent labor is thus a worldwide trend. Capital mobility also reinforces political authoritarianism. Writing on the Philippines Jane Margold points out As a speeded-up flow of capital, information, goods and services circulates transnationally, foreign investors are well-positioned to manipulate the Philippines states fears of long term economic marginalization. A rational is then produced for the deployment of military, police and thugs to discipline striking workers (p. 8 Philippine Labor Alert, SeptDec. 1993). Certainly this is a pattern found throughout the Third World. This mobility is transforming key aspects of imperialism. Where territorial and resource control were of major importance in past decades, they are less so today. The method of international capital laying roots deep into a colonial society, and dominating through a permanent financial occupation, is changing. Today the control of the overall global market is more important than national economies. Local labor markets are used and abandoned in a rapidly changing sea of opportunity and competition. With important exceptions like Mexicos relationship to the U. S. ia NAFTA, the long term exploitation of any one country or bloc of countries is not the main strategy of imperialism. Again, as Wriston points out, capital goes where it wants and stays where its treated well. Its no accident that he titled his book, The Twilight of Sovereignty. The export of capital is still the key aspect of imperialism, but capital mobility and the threat of denying capital is taking precedence over long-te rm occupation as a means of control. This changing face of imperialism and its impact on Third World societies is also the basis for new strategies and divisions within the le ft. In first wave countries the traditional Maoist strategy of peasant based guerrilla warfare still retains considerable validity; throughout the 1970s and 1980s, it even saw various degrees of continued success in El Salvador, Namibia, Nicaragua, and Kampuchea. But in many newly industrial countries, labor struggles; electoral parties, and community based organizing for local economic growth have become the new focus. This is clearly seen in the experiences of the Workers Party of Brazil, the mass urban struggles in South Africa, the labor upheavals and democracy struggle of South Korea, and in the Party of Revolutionary Democracy in Mexico. Even with the heroic peasant uprising in Chiapas, which has electrified the Mexican left, no one expects Mexico City to be surrounded and taken by a peasant army. Traditional industrial Marxism still finds a firm home in most of these societies, although new concepts on the key importance of democracy; technology and the market play a vital role. For those countries caught in the middle of transformation the road for revolutionary change has been very difficult. Countries like Colombia and the Philippines have rapidly growing urban industrial sectors, but both have powerful guerrilla armies still well organized in the countryside. They also have strongly developing urban movements and democratic openings not present just a decade past. This has been a basis for debates and splits in both countries In a recent interview ex-commander of Colombias M-19, Navarro Wolff, explained Our original idea was that the people would take up arms and head to the mountains But two things had changed in Colombia we discovered that Colombia is a much more urban country than we had originally believed. And the country began to open up politically, which for us came as a great surprise. (NACLA, JanFeb 1994) The importance of urban-centered resistance has also been raised in the Communist Party of the Philippines. Ever since the Manila based overthrow of Marcos and resulting democratic openings, there has been debate over the balance and pace of rural and urban struggles. As always the issues are many sided and complex, but part of the debate has been over the role of urban insurrection and its relationship to peasant based guerril la war. Recently there has been an organizational split in which Chairman Sison still holds to a revolutionary strategy situated mainly in the countryside. CHANGING POLITICAL STRATEGIES The tremendous changes in the economic base and resulting shifts in populations and work relations have laid the basis for new political alignments. These tensions are not just present in the Third World, but also societies moving from second wave to third wave economies. The result has been new challenges for Marxism and radical theory. In America there are two growing class strata that need close attention. These are the new knowledge workers and the rapidly expanding contingent labor force. Contingent labor includes part-time and temporary workers and home workers. Today temp agencies are the largest employers in the U. S. This sector, while holding some highly skilled workers, mainly consists of low paid, low skilled labor. Knowledge workers are on the other end of the third wave revolution; they are generally highly paid and in demand. Technical occupations and professionals will be the largest job category by year 2000, representing close to 20% of the labor force. (Tribune, 11-7-93) But even among knowledge workers, there exists rapid turnover and layoffs. Contingent workers, as the most abused sector of labor, contain the potential for a militant anticapitalist movement. But new methods of organizing, different from traditional trade unions, need to be created to match the ways contingent workers experience their oppression. These will include combining community-based organizing with workplace organizing. Social demands like guaranteed annual income, lifelong education, and universal health care need to be combined with the traditional economic demands of the union contract. Knowledge workers today are in the position of the old industrial proletariat. They are key to the enhanced production of surplus value. Just as blue-collar workers contained two sidesthe conservative labor aristocracy as well as the most progressive sector of labor supportive of democracy and socialismknowledge workers will divided into two as well. One sector will form the social base for the defense of information capitalism regardless of its excesses. Others will deeply understand the potential the new technology has for creating and sustaining a new social order. This progressive side also is born from the conditions of its own labor, which are enmeshed in the most advanced forms of capital. This was Marxs argument for the importance of the industrial proletariat. Not just that they were exploited, but they were organized in the most modern and important section of capital. Therefore they encompassed the most advanced forms of political and economic organization. The economic organization of knowledge workers emphasizes less hierarchy, less bureaucracy, more information about and control of the job process, and greater participation or empowerment at the site of work. This lays the basis for socialist norms of labor, and blurs the lines between mental and manual work, which is the historic division between management and employee. The political voice of these strata has already emerged in todays battles for democratic use and control of information technologies. Lastly the new social movements need to be understood in their relationship to the crisis in the conditions of production. The movement of feminists, ecologists, and community-based organizations correspond to the reproduction of labor power, the exploitation of nature, and the pressure on urban space. Just as the labor movement was born from the first contradiction of capitalism, these struggles arise from the second contradiction. The feminist concerns over the control of a womens body, health care, child care; the struggle of young people for education and culture; the green movements battles against pollution, global warming and deforestation; community struggles over housing, industrial location, and drugs; all reflect the cost of capital externalization and a tightening circle of available resources. Since the state controls and regulates the conditions of production, the focus of these struggles is with local, state and federal government. Traditional Marxists who view point of production organizing as the most valid form of struggle need to rethink long held beliefs. The immediate struggle against capital grows from both economic and social grounds. CONCLUSION As Marx pointed out long ago: Modern Industry never looks upon and treats the existing form of process as final. The technical basis of that industry is therefore revolutionary, while all earlier modes of production were essentially conservative. By means of machinery, chemical processes and other methods, it is continually causing changes not only in the technical basis of production, but also in the functions of the laborer, and in the social combinations of the labor process. At the same time, it thereby also revolutionizes the division of labor within the society, and incessantly launches masses of people from one branc h of production to another. (Capital, 1954, p. 457) The same transformative process goes on today. A revolution in information technologies is creating fundamental changes in how and where people work. It is changing the functions of the laborer, the social combinations of the labor process, and has launched masses of people from one branch of production to another. Does this not accurately describe the world around us? Yes, the traditional crisis of accumulation has reemerg ed in full force, but the context and form of these changes has been the revolution in the means of production. New technologies have changed the face of capitalism, affecting the economic base, the relations of production, and are impacting political strategy. Our task is to understand the general crisis, its new forms, and begin to develop new strategies for appropriate technologies, radical democracy and sustainable socialism. Jerry Harris teaches history at DeVry Institute of Technology in Chicago. Carl Davidson is the director of Networking for Democracy, a Chicago-based cooperative assisting grassroots organizations with media and new technologies.